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The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789- 1812)

The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789- 1812). By: Sarah Thames Pages (536- 557). The Revolt of the Third Estate. King Louis XVI solicit funds trough Estate General in 1789: trigger of French Rev. France divided: clergy, Nobility, everyone else Nobles Guarantees of personal liberty

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The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789- 1812)

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  1. The French Revolution and Napoleon (1789- 1812) By: Sarah Thames Pages (536- 557)

  2. The Revolt of the Third Estate • King Louis XVI solicit funds trough Estate General in 1789: trigger of French Rev. • France divided: clergy, Nobility, everyone else • Nobles • Guarantees of personal liberty • Freedom of the press and speech • Freedom from arbitrary arrest • Minimal taxation • Estate General meet in three separate chambers • June 20 “Oath of the Tennis Court”- boycotted until new draft of constitution

  3. Revolt of the Poor • Tension rise against the organized authorities • Poor Harvest: prices of bread increased 1789 • Farmers • farmers refused to pay their taxes and moral support • Mobs stormed Bastille • jail and an army located in the capital city of Paris. I • important because it held the base of feudalism such as, important documents. • Assassinated governor of Bastille/mayor of Paris • Peasants: against remaining feudalism • Destroyed documents that demanded feudal dues and taxes

  4. National Assembly • Third Estate allied and declared “National Assembly” June 13 • Abolished feudalism and serfdom, tithe for the church, special privileges of nobility • “Declaration of the Rights of Men and the Citizen” • Freedom of thought, religion, petition • “March of the Women”- protesting high price of bread, marched to royal palace in Versailles • “Great Fear” peasants worried landlords burn harvest to block reform attack clergy/ nobility • Uniform gov. confiscated church property • Men voting • Protestants, Jews= full citizenship

  5. Reign of Terror • The Committee of Public Safety launched the Reign of Terror against the counter- revolutionaries. • campaigned against feudal privileges. • They promoted • universal education • abolished slavery throughout France’s colonies. • Violence • conflict and warfare between the radical Jacobins (radical) and the moderate Gorondin (middle class) • Overthrew Monarchy government when executed Louis XVI establishment of the constitutional monarchy.

  6. Napoleon in Power(1799-1812) • Napoleon ended the French Revolution in 1812. • conquered many regions of Europe in 1810, where he introduced the administrative reforms of the revolution. • end to feudalism privilege, equality of rights, religious tolerations, free trade, and efficient and systematic administrative. • Flaws • First, attempted conquer Britain, marine power and land forces of its allies too strong. • Battle of Trafalgar in 1805= napoleon defeated • Russian emperor supported Britain, Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812, many troops killed • The nations Napoleon conquered • felt national and wanted to rule themselves: Haiti, independence in the 1790s ,attempted to re-impose the French rule and reinstitute slavery. • In 1813: defeated by a group of Europeans, didn’t want countries to be colonized by France. • Napoleon then resigned and Louis XVI assumed the throne.

  7. Latin America: Vocabulary • Creoles: descendants of European settlers • Wanted more economic and political rights • Feared potential power from mixed races • Mestizo: mixed race- Spanish/ Amerindians • No considered as elite • Mazombas: American- born direct descendants of Portugese settlers • Simon Bolivar- croele • Dominated public life for 20 years • Studying in Europe- 1807 returned to Venezuela and joined movements for LA’s independence • Spurred- Napoleon invaded Spain and installed own people • Lack of influence of LA culture

  8. Independence Movement • 1810-1826 • Paraguay (1811) • Bolivar(1819- 1821) liberated Columbia, Venezuala, and Ecuador • Jose de San Martin- Argentina • “Army of the Andes” many slave participated • Took over Chili, emptied the Spanish but refused to Rule Banardo O’Higgins leader • 1825: Bolivar captured Peru, upper Peru became Bolivia • Brazil owned by Portalgese- where royal family fled from Napolean • Made more of an equal country than colony • Independent without violence because Portugal King’s son was left in Brazil

  9. Simon Bolivar: Challenge of Unification • Wanted to unify entire South America • Generals wanted their own independence • 18 nations that emerged from Spanish America • Warfare among new states after independence • Gave power to armies and military force

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