Starter…

1. Starter… Read 128 -133 • Page 133 # 4, 7, 12 • Page 154 # 10, 12, 13

2. Kingdom Protista

3. Protists • most diverse kingdom • all eukaryotic • mostly unicellular aquatic organisms • asexual reproduction generally by binary fission • 3 different groups • plant-like • animal-like • fungi-like

4. 1. Plant-like Protists: Algae • all autotrophs • contain chlorophyll • have cell walls • 2 major groups a) unicellular algaeb) multicellular algae ▪phytoplankton ▪ seaweed diatoms brown algae

5. Plant-like Protists: Algae a) unicellular algae • very important because: • begin every aquatic food chain • produce 67% of atmospheric O2 • overpopulation causes algal blooms which can cause: i) dead algae decomposed by saprophytes • consume large amounts of O2 – none left for fish • swamp produced ii) produce toxins which kill fish can also be harmful to humans • ex. red tide

6. Plant-like Protists:Seaweed b) multicellular algae (seaweed) • no real tissues i.e. colonies • food source for fish and humans • cell walls of red algae used to make: • agar • gel caps • cosmetics Volvox

7. 2.Fungus-like Protists (Slime Moulds) • multicellular body (like giant amoeba) called a plasmodium • roll over forest floor feeding on dead organic matter • move very slowly (few mm/day) • reproduce asexually with spores (like fungi) in fruiting bodies

8. 3. Animal-like Protists • all heterotrophs • classified by how they move a) pseudopods: • move with cytoplasmic projections called pseudopods (false feet) • ex. amoeba • some pathogenic • i.e. amoebic dysentery

9. c) ciliates move with cilia (short hair-like projections) that can cover cell Animal-like Protists ex. paramecium

10. Animal-like Protists d) sporozoa • reproduce by asexually by spores • have no means of locomotion • many parasites, which depend on host body fluids to move ex. Malaria RBC anopheles mosquito

11. Animal-like Protists b) flagellates • move with long whip-like flagella • some parasitic pathogens ex. African sleeping sickness Giardia lamblia (beaver fever) trypanosome

12. Paramecium Structure cilia contractile vacuole cytoplasm micronucleus macronucleus oral groove gullet food vacuole forming anal pore food vacuole

13. Paramecium spiral movement

14. Paramecium Reproduction same 2 organisms (genetically different ) 2 new organisms (genetically identically ) • Conjugation (sexual reproduction) • have two nuclei • exchange micronucleus with another paramecium Binary fission (asexual reproduction)

15. Amoeba Structure food vacuole contractile vacuole pseudopod endoplasm ectoplasm nucleus • Note:contractile vacuole • collects all the H2O that diffuses in by osmosis • contracts & pumps H2O out to stop amoeba from bursting cytoplasm

16. Amoeba Feeding phagocytosis pseudopod surrounds food food enters a food vacuole enzymes break down food in vacuole pseudopod food

17. Amoeba Reproduction Binary Fission (asexual) one amoeba divides into 2 identical amoebas