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Complex Lipids

Complex Lipids. 13.4-13.8. What are complex lipids. Help to create the main components of membranes AKA compound lipids Complex lipids can be classified into 2 groups Phospholipids Gylcolipids. What are Phospholipids??. Contain: At least 1 fatty acid Phosphate group

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Complex Lipids

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  1. Complex Lipids 13.4-13.8

  2. What are complex lipids • Help to create the main components of membranes • AKA compound lipids • Complex lipids can be classified into 2 groups • Phospholipids • Gylcolipids

  3. What are Phospholipids?? • Contain: • At least 1 fatty acid • Phosphate group • And sometimes a nitrogen containing a phosphate ester • 2 types • Glycerophopholipids • Sphingolipids • Most are made in the liver and then put into the bloodstream

  4. Glycerophospholipids • Glycerophospholipids are also called phosphoglycerides • Structure is very similar to fats • Membrane components of cells throughout the body • The alcohol is glycerol • Fatty acid on carbon 2 of glycerol is always unsaturated

  5. Lecithin • Lecithin- common name for phosphatidylcholines • Typical lecithin molecules have stearic acid on one end and linoleic acid in the middle • Major component of egg yolk • Has polar and nonpolar portions in each molecule • Excellent emulsifier = used in mayonnaise

  6. Sphingolipids • Different type of complex lipid • Fatty acid + sphingosine = ceramide portion of the molecule • Ceramide part of complex lipids may contain different fatty acids • Sphingomyelins- most important lipids in myelin sheaths of nerve cell • Associated with diseases like multiple sclerosis • Not randomly distributed in membranes

  7. Johann Thudichum- discovered Sphingolipids in 1874 • Named them after the Sphinx

  8. Glycolipids • Complex lipids that contain carbohydrates and ceramides • One group- Cerebrosides • Made of ceramide mono- or oligosaccharides • Fatty acid of the ceramide may contain either 18 or 24 carbon chains • Mainly occur in the brain & nerve synapses • Other groups- Gangliosides • Contain more complex carbohydrate structure

  9. Contain mono- or oligosaccharides • Mostly in the brain • Make up about 70% of the brain dry weight

  10. What are membranes? • Made up of lipid bilayer • Lipid bilayer- 2-layered structure of complex lipids set tail-tail • Hydrophobic- tails point towards each other • Hydrophilic- tails point towards away from each other • Which makes them closer to the water

  11. Most lipid molecules in the bilayer contain at least one unsaturated fatty acid • Unsaturated fatty acids prevent tight packing of hydrophobic chains in lipid bilayer • Liquid like characteristics because the unsaturated fatty acids prevent tight packing in the lipid bilayer

  12. Important component is Cholesterol • Similar structure to other membranes

  13. Con’t • Lipid part of membrane serves as a barrier against movement of ions • The fluid mosaic model of membranes allows non-polar compounds to pass by diffusion • Polar compounds are transported by channels through protein regions

  14. Con’t • Contains a negatively charged phosphate groups and positively charged nitrogen • Charged parts provide a strong hydrophilic head • Rest of the molecule of hydrophobic

  15. What do lipids do for membranes?? • Complex lipids form membranes around organelles • Small structures inside the cells • Provide selective transportation for nutrients and wastes in and out of cells • Important component- unsaturated fatty acids especially in lipid bilayer • Separate cells from external structure

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