661-664 * Interpret editorial cartoons about the Great Depression.

661-664 * Interpret editorial cartoons about the Great Depression. * Describe President Hoover’s efforts to deal with the Great Depression

Political Cartoon Components • Symbolism - caricature • Date • Location • Prior knowledge of the topic Directions • Write an interpretation • Label two examples of symbolism

Herbert Hoover and the Depression • President Hoover • Took many steps to resolve the economic crisis, HOWEVER, Hoover shrank back when it came to interventionist policies • due to his “rugged individualism”.(no handouts) • Focus on voluntary, private action only, no • direct action or relief to people. • Secured business leaders to “promise” • maintain employment and wage levels • The “President’s Organization for • Unemployment Relief” to help raise • money for private relief agencies. • He feared direct hand-outs of this scale would increase the size of government AND undermine peoples character.

Herbert Hoover and the Depression • President Hoover • The “President’s Organization for • Unemployment Relief” to help raise • money for private relief agencies. • He feared direct hand-outs of this scale would increase the size of government AND undermine peoples character. • Later, he urged Congress to cut taxes and increase the public works budget. • “Reconstruction Finance Corporation” • adopted “trickle-down” theory of • recovery. • The idea that if consumers have more disposable income, they’ll spend it.

Herbert Hoover and the Depression • President Hoover • Problem? • These efforts did very little to help the • average American, making Hoover • look as if he cared little about the • suffering of the people! • In 1930, Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act • passed increasing tariff rates to HIGH- • EST rates ever! • It was during this time that the 20th • Amendment was passed which moved • ended the terms of presidents on January • 20th at noon instead of later in March • demonstrating how UNPOPULAR • President Hoover had become.

Herbert Hoover and the Depression • President Hoover • Problem? • These efforts did very little to help the • average American, making Hoover • look as if he cared little about the • suffering of the people! • “Bonus Army” March in 7/1932. • WWI veterans demanded their • bonus payments from the war early. • Refused to meet with the veterans • Hoover allowed General Douglas • MacArthur to use cavalry, troops and • tanks to clear marchers. • This confirmed the idea to people that • President Hoover was uncaring!

Bonus Army March showed that the government feared possible overthrow due to the conditions of the Great Depression! “Bonus Army” 7/1932

Election of 1932 • Republicans re-nominated Herbert Hoover • Democrats nominated Franklin D. Roosevelt • Born into a wealthy family • Educated at Harvard Law School • State legislator • Assistant Secretary of the Navy • Vice-Presidential nominee in 1920 • FDR contracted polio, causing him to • wear heavy leg braces for the rest of • his life. • Wife Eleanor was a political activist, • campaigning for FDR, wrote a newspaper • column and pushed for human rights. • In 1928, FDR was elected governor of • New York and re-elected in 1930.

1932 Election

Democrat • Franklin D. Roosevelt • “The election was more of a • rejection of Hoover than a • strong vote for me.” • Roosevelt’s platform • while campaigning differ- • ed little from the Re- • publicans at first. • FDR suffered from polio as • a child which left him un- • able to walk without leg • braces and new what it • meant to suffer in life and • face great difficulites.

Democrat (not in bk) • Franklin D. Roosevelt • FDR used the Keynesian Economic ideas of “deficit spending” to fund his New Deal programs. • Idea was that this would stimulate the economy even though a deficit might be created. • Possible problem was that if businesses did not recover quickly enough, then the government would be forced to continue the deficit or cut spending.

661-664 * Interpret editorial cartoons about the Great Depression.