The Early Cold War

1. The Early Cold War Mr. Wilson - U.S. History - Wren High School

2. End of World War II • End of World War II • Visions of a Postwar World • Germany? • Eastern Europe? • Satellite States • “Iron Curtain” • East Asia? • Japan • Korea • United Nations

3. Post-World War II Europe “Iron Curtain”

4. Competing Ideologies USSR & EASTERN EUROPE U.S. & WESTERN EUROPE • Command economy • Dictatorship • Warsaw Pact • Comintern • Gain global influence • Acquire natural resources • Capitalism (free market) • Democracy • NATO • Containment • Gain global influence • Acquire natural resources

5. Expansion of the Cold War • Arms Race • Brinkmanship • Space Race • Sputnik I (1957) • Global Containment • Eisenhower Doctrine • Decolonization • Proxy Wars • Latin America • Africa

6. The Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to keep East Berliners from fleeing to West Berlin. The wall fell in 1989.

7. Cold War as a Global “War”

8. East Asia • Chinese Revolution 1949 • Mao Zedong • People’s Republic of China • U.S. refuses to acknowledge Communist China • Korean War (1950-1953) • Korea remains divided near the 38th parallel • Japan • Rebuilt Japan fearing spread of Communism

9. Southeast Asia • Vietnam War • Ho Chi Minh led Viet Minh defeats France in 1954 • Fearing spread of Communism the U.S. supports South Vietnam • North Vietnam, with help from Viet Cong, defeats U.S. and unifies Vietnam in 1975 • Cambodia • Khmer Rouge

10. Khmer Rouge

11. South Asia • India • Supporter of Non-Alignment movement • Received aid from USSR • Pakistan • Received millions of dollars in economic & military aid due to its location • Afghanistan • Soviets invade 1975 • Opposed by the mujahedeen • Defeated Soviets retreat in1989

12. Middle East • Iran • Oil industry dominated by the West • Mosaddegh attempted to nationalize oil industry in 1951 • CIA overthrew Mosaddegh • Shah Reza Pahlavi made absolute ruler • Egypt • Nasser received aid from both sides

13. Africa • The Congo • Gained independence in 1960 • Patrice Lumumba is first prime minister • Belgium reoccupied parts of the Congo a week after independence • Lumumba failed to get support from U.S. • Lumumba went to Soviet Union for support • C.I.A. helped stage a coup d'état • Mobutu Sese Seko • Civil War breaks out in Congo • Laurent Kabila

14. Latin America • U.S. attempted to overthrow countries that attempted to go Communist • Cuba • Cuban Revolution (1959) • Bay of Pigs 1961 • Cuban Missile Crisis November 1962 • Nicaragua • Resisted Sandinistas by supporting capitalist Contras • Guatemala • C.I.A. removed Jacobo Arbenz

15. End of the Cold War • Destalinization • Nikita Khrushchev • Détente • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) • First major nuclear arms treaty signed in 1972 • President Nixon visits China in 1972 • Helsinki Accords (1975) • No political boundaries should be changed by military force • Paved way for dialogue between U.S. and USSR

16. Mikhail Gorbachev • Begins series of reforms in 1985 • Glasnost • Opened government to criticism • Provokes criticism by minority nationalities (nationalism) • Perestroika • Free-market reforms • Nuclear arms agreements with Ronald Reagan • Russia’s 1st free election (1990) • Replaced by Boris Yeltsin First McDonalds opened in Russia on January 31, 1990