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Filming Technology CE00013-1 Anne Tilling

Filming Technology CE00013-1 Anne Tilling. TV Standards. PAL – Television broadcast standard Not compatible with NTSC or SECAM PAL and SECAM produce images with up to 625 Horizontal lines rather than NTSC with 525 resolution NTSC – National Television Systems Commitee

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Filming Technology CE00013-1 Anne Tilling

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  1. Filming TechnologyCE00013-1Anne Tilling

  2. TV Standards • PAL – Television broadcast standard • Not compatible with NTSC or SECAM • PAL and SECAM produce images with up to 625 Horizontal lines rather than NTSC with 525 resolution • NTSC – National Television Systems Commitee • Video transmitted in analogue format using 4:3 nearly square aspect ratio • 525 lines • SECAM – Sequential couleur avec memoire (sequential colour with memory). • Colour Television system developed by France and USSR • 625 lines and 50 frames per second

  3. Interlacing • TV creates image by drawing (scanning) lines of light on the screen from Left to right, top to bottom • The images that make up motion picture are made from alternating interlaced fields • One field consists of odd lines (1,3,5 etc) • Other field consists of even lines (2,4,6 etc) • Result – half video’s display drawn every 50th of a second

  4. Aspect ratio • Meaning – the ratio between the width of the picture and the height • Standard 4:3 (every 4 pixels across there are 3 pixels down) • 4:3 is standard television, which we have been familiar with since TV was invented. • Widescreen 16:9 (every 16 pixels across there are 9 pixels down)

  5. Why Widescreen? • Aesthetic quality of wider image • Building exteriors and landscapes – wider images • 16:9 steadily replacing 4:3 televisions • Generally regarded as more natural way of viewing image – similar to field of view for the human eye

  6. Widescreen • Many cameras have a 16:9 switch, which when activated in either a letterboxed image and/or an anamorphically stretched image. • The Canon XL1 is not true wide screen as to be true your camera must have a 16:9 CCD and not a 4:3 CCD like in the Canon XL1 • CCD (Charge coupled device) Records light by intensity • Small light sensitive chip containing photosites (convert light from lens into electrons)

  7. What does Canon do? • Camera chops off the top and bottom scanlines of the image to get the widescreen picture • This false way uses only 432 lines of the CCD instead of the 576 on the PAL camera. • When this is displayed on your monitor, the camera has digitally rescaled the lines to fit. But ¼ resolution has been lost.

  8. True Widescreen • The right way is to use a 16:9 CCD. So when in 4:3 mode the camera ignores the side panels of the CCD and reads a 4:3 image from the centre portion of the chip

  9. Editing • Prior to the introduction of electronic editing in 1963, editing hands on • Individual shots on source tape cut and spliced forming edited master tape • Time consuming • Tape easily damaged during handling • Edit points difficult to locate • Edits straight cuts only

  10. Electronic Editing • Involved the original source tape and a NEW reel of tape • Copying each shot from source onto new reel in the position required by the editor • Made easier by use of time code • Source tape could be over used and the tape stretched and distorted • Solution – computerized electronic editing systems

  11. Editing • Linear Editing • Edit made as you go along • In a line • Analogue • Can’t shuffle pieces of footage around timeline • Non Linear Editing • Can juggle footage around • Digital

  12. Media 100 • Getting started • Settings • Video and Audio • Digitising Media • Clip alterations • Program • Transitions • Mastering to tape

  13. Getting Started • Select Media 100 iFinish 4.6 • Folder and Media files • Folder (bins, timeline, project files) • Media (digitised footage – video & audio) • Set up Media 100 and new project • Start new folder on available drive • Not h drive • Save project file inside • Project file • Timeline • Footage Bin

  14. Project file • Timeline • Footage bin

  15. Settings • Digitising • Switch on TV monitor • Open work folder • Connect DV deck (connect FireWire cable) • Set Hardware settings

  16. Hardware Settings – Video and Audio • Video • Source in – type of input, DV • Standard – What TV standard used • PAL (720x576) 16:9 or 4:3 • PAL (768x576) is used for VHS video • 16:9 Widescreen

  17. Audio • Source in – DV • Sample rate – 48000Hz • Analogue in – only when recording from analogue device • Professional devices = +4dB (Betacam SP & DAT) • Consumer devices = -10dB (Mini disc) • Analogue out – opposite of above (ignore for DV) • Machine control – Media 100DV • DV Deck – Either Canon XL1, DV VTR deck or generic DV

  18. Media Settings • To ensure correct Hard drive used • Edit - Media settings • Strike through correct drive line • Quality online set to 90kB

  19. Bins • Store media • Separate bins for separate subjects • No more than 10 clips per bin • Bin information can be shown in different ways • Digitise longer than required clip

  20. Program - Timeline • Graphics track, Video track and 2 audio tracks • Actually 8 audio tracks available • Drag media from bin onto video track • Open video track to display FX • Playback footage by hitting spacebar • Zoom on timeline • Change clip length on timeline

  21. Graphics track

  22. Graphics on timeline

  23. Transitions • Blending shots • Select clip to blend and double click • Changes Edit suite window to the transitions window • Clips to blend together must overlap in Va and Vb • Choose transition type • Apply and render • Appear on the FX track

  24. Digitising Media • Open new bin • File > new bin > save • Select ‘Digitise’ from Edit Suite (Ctrl D) • Name shot in window • Digitise • Either enter timecode in point and outpoint • Or Press start at beginning of required clip and stop at the end • Footage now stored in bin

  25. Clip alterations • Edit suite window (Ctrl E) • Change length by selecting in and out points then selecting ‘apply’ • This function can be reversed as it is sourcing the original clip • N.B. If audio is turned off during clip alterations you can not reverse this and will need to import the footage again • Colour changes and time alterations performed via the edit suite window

  26. Mastering to tape • Double check the hardware settings were correctly set up • File > Master to tape • Mode = Record • Leader = Black>10 seconds (for a 1 minute film) or 60 seconds (for 30 minute film) • Range = Program • Trailer = same as leader • Destination = Beginning of tape (depends) • Machine control = Media 100DV • Pal 720, 48000Hz

  27. Tutorial sessions • Working through iFinish, Media 100 tutorial • Covers all basic functions of the Media 100 software

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