Broadband in Disaster Relief and in the ITU ITU-T Workshop on Disaster Relief & Network Resiliency

Broadband in Disaster Relief and in the ITUITU-T Workshop on Disaster Relief & Network Resiliency Amy L. Sanders (Alcatel-Lucent) and Sergio Buonomo (ITU-R)25 June 2012

Major incidents and crisis requireautomatic, immediate and coordinated response September 11, 2001 analysis: “From the first moments to the last … their efforts were plagued by failures of communication, command, and control.” Military & Aerospace Electronics, August 2002, quoting New York Times article. Requirements: + + Voice Video Data SituationalAwareness Officer andPublic Safety OperationalEffectiveness

New Dynamic Information Flows Drive Communication & Processes Transformation “Several major incidents over the past four decades have demonstrated that traditional narrowband emergency communications infrastructure that supports only local emergencies is quickly overloaded by regional or national catastrophes. ”Frost & Sullivan, 2009 Eliminate jurisdictional barriers to communication and add collaborativeapplications • New communications functionality to interconnect cooperating agencies • Transition from support of TDM traffic to a mix, with increasing Ethernet/IP and QoS for critical traffic  packet dominates • Bandwidth and network-footprint growth • Increase in secure remote access • Automation and acceleration of information flows • High availability following a catastrophic event • Communications’ impact TETRA/P25 digital conversion and coverage expansion Remote video surveillance, sensors and new first responder tools

Migration Path for Communication Continuum Value Impact IP Transformation Broadband Migration Developmultimedia services Introduce broadband mobile access Digital Conversion Create a solid digital LMR/PMR foundation • Introduce new IP-based mobile services, such as video collaboration, data exchange, white boarding • Optimize systems interoperability • Extend usable information • Evolve toward NextGen Emergencies System and Next Gen Command & Control (C2) • Complement TETRA/P25 with broadband radio access data overlay: LTE • Enable new streaming video surveillance, digital imaging to enhance first responder mission effectiveness & Command Control • Integrate collaborative approaches and advanced IP applications into Public Safety solution sets • Network Design & Planning • Converged backhaul supporting packet and legacy traffic using licensed and unlicensed frequencies • Integrated network management platform to reduce operational expenses, increase reliability and efficiency of operations Now 2012+

Which Broadband Technology? LTE!Compelling Performance LTE Provides: Low latency ( 10 to 20ms) for very fast access High throughput for very fast transfer Latency Reduction 65 ms 60 ms 50 ms 50 ms 10 ms HSPA HSPA+ WiMAX RevA/RevB LTE Higher Peak throughput 326 Mbps 173 Mbps 86 Mbps LTE ensures real-time transfer of data and video 55 Mbps 36 Mbps 42 Mbps 14 Mbps 11 Mbps 5 Mbps 5 Mbps HSPA 5MHz HSPA+ 5MHz LTE 20MHz MIMO4x4 WiMAX LTE 20MHz MIMO2x2

Broadband Wireless (LTE): Incident, Day-to-Day and Planned Operations EnhancedOfficer & PublicSafety Life-savingInformation IncreasedStreet Time FullInter- operability Real-TimeSituational Awareness Remote Office Evidence Collection Remote Form Entry Access to Databases Video Images Messaging Next-Gen 112/911 Images, TextVideos Multi-Agency,Multi-Jurisdiction Response FullInter- operability FullInter- operability TeamCoordination Medical Telemetry Streaming Data LTE: An Essential Tool for Public Safety

Engineering Principles for Mission Critical Backhaul Networks • Reliable Network: no single point of failure • At Nodal level • At Network level • Sub 50 msec reroute for ALL applications • Secure Network: Multiple applications • Optimize bandwidth: Intelligent Bandwidth Management. • Ease of management: Single Network Management Interface. • Support advanced IP applications and continue to support existing TDM applications. Provide a platform to migrate to IP. • Ubiquitous Traffic Flows • Pt to Multipoint, Full Mesh, Spoke • Multicast • Compliant with Latency Requirements • Deployable over multiple physical technologies

Government HSS Data Center Data Center Data Center PCRF MME Fire Truck PGW SGW eNB eNB IP Router IP Router Network Agency N Agency 1 Agency 2 Ambulance Bearer Traffic Signaling/Control OA&M Police LTE Generic Network Implementation • Highly scalable to meet current and future needs • Building on existing infrastructure • Open interfaces developed within the 3GPP standards • Proven interoperability Network Administration Multiple Jurisdiction networks IP Router fiber, mwave IP Router Use Backhaul aggregation for collocated LMR and LTE eNB Base Station EPC Evolved Packet Core (MME+S/PGW) HSS Home Subscriber Server MME Mobility Management Entity PGW Packet Data Gateway SGW Serving Gateway

Migration to Single, Multifunction, and Multi-Agency Network Legacy P25 network Evolving from a separate network to a multi-function (Data, Video, Voice) environment Evolving to a multi-agency, multi-functional environment • Converged backhaul with TETRA/P25 collaboration as a first step to unify interoperability amongst agencies to increase their effectiveness and provide a foundation for broadband wireless capabilities

Benefits of Backhaul Transformation to a Multi-Agency Network Environment New relationships between agencies  gives greater collaboration Multiple agencies working together to determine what was needed State/ Regional planning and Rehearsal for Team building to foster cooperation. Improved reliability / interoperability to complement the TETRA/P25 Sharing data for CAD  backup center for smaller towns now economically feasible New network architecture protects against disruptions, e.g. cable cuts Eliminates jurisdictional boundaries and expanded cross-jurisdictional interoperability Managing public safety network and IT business applications on a single open platform to increase efficiency (OSS/BSS) Network convergence (Fixed, Wireless, Data and Video) providing virtual networks to Police, EMS, and municipal administration welfare services (meeting legal requirements) Reduced cost and increased operational efficiency. Provides a coordinated response to events that is: scalable, efficient, effective and responsive to the needs and resources of the agencies.

Multi-Mode Core Transport: A Strategic Asset Fiber Microwave MPLS-basedConsolidatedMulti-Mode Network Connectivity Choices Network Flexible Bandwidthon Demand Leased/Private Lines IP/MPLS Support ofLegacy (T1) andNew (IP) Services BandwidthManagement Scalable VPNMechanisms DataServices Hitless Restoration Voice,VideoServices T1 Cost-effective Service Land MobileRadio PublicSafety LTE

Take–Away Trends Broadband:Will be the key change agent for Pubic Safety / Public Sector Communications and Government services. Dominant application will be video. Network Transformation:Digital Communications will allow the convergence of Data, Video and voice communications, as well as Advanced IP based applications such as Video Collaboration, Image Transfers and Information Sharing, giving new levels of functionality. Interoperability:Is not just communications; it will enhance interagency cooperation and eliminate jurisdictional boundaries to improve incident management and effectiveness. Interoperability is not just for special events, 97% of interoperability is day-to-day use. • Operational Support Systems: Mission Critical System Networks will require up to 5-9‘s reliability, this will be absolutely critical the networks must operate in some of the most extreme environments. Hurricanes, floods, earthquakes and other natural or man-made disasters. • Open Systems: Increased use of standards-based systems to insure interoperability between different systems, different agencies and different vendors.

ITU-R Focus on Disaster Relief • Radiocommunications Assembly 2007 (RA-07) approved Resolutions ITU-R 53andITU-R 55instructing all ITU-R Study Groups to carry out studies on the use of radiocommunications in disaster prediction, detection, mitigation and relief. • Nearly every Study Group within the ITU-R has a role to play in Disaster Relief. (More detail on next slide). • The ITU-R Departments and Regional Offices also are engaged in Disaster Relief efforts • Implementation of Resolution 647 (Rev.WRC-12). See Activities on Resolution 647 (WRC-07) - "Emergency and disaster relief radiocommunication" • Publications, such as the ITU-R Special Supplement on “Emergency and Disaster Relief”

Activities in Working Party 5ALand Mobile Systems above 30 MHz*(excluding IMT); wireless access in the fixed service; amateur and amateur-satellite svcs. • The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly assigned WP 5A Question 209-4/5, “Use of the mobile, amateur and amateur satellite servicesin support of disaster radiocommunications”. • Disaster-related Recommendations & Reports under the purview of WP 5A: • Recommendation ITU-R M.1042,”Disaster communications in the amateur and amateur-satellite services”, provides guidance on the roles of the amateur and amateur satellite services in providing communications during disaster situations. • Report ITU-R M.2085,”Role of the amateur and amateur-satellite services in support of disaster mitigation and relief”, is intended to document the role of the amateur and amateur-satellite services in provision of radiocommunications in support of disaster mitigation and relief. It includes information developed after the South-East Asia tsunami in December 2004.

Activities in Working Party 5A continued • Report ITU-R M.2033, “Radiocommunication objectives and requirements for Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR)”, defines the PPDR objectives and requirements for the implementation of future advanced solutions to satisfy the operational needs of PPDR organizations around the year 2010. Specifically, it identifies objectives, applications, requirements, a methodology for spectrum calculations, spectrum requirements and solutions for interoperability. • Recommendation ITU-R M.2015, “Frequency arrangements for public protection and disaster relief radiocommunication systems in UHF bands in accordance with Resolution 646 (Rev.WRC‑12)”, provides guidance on frequency arrangements for public protection and disaster relief radiocommunications in certain regions in some of the bands below 1 GHz identified in Resolution 646 (Rev.WRC-12). • Recommendation ITU-R M.2009, “Radio interface standards for use by public protection and disaster relief operations in some parts of the UHF band in accordance with Resolution 646 (WRC‑03)”, identifies radio interface standards applicable for public protection and disaster relief (PPDR) operations in some parts of the UHF band.

Activities in Working Party 5A continued • Recommendation ITU-R M.1826, “Harmonized frequency channel plan for broadband public protection and disaster relief operations at 4 940-4 990 MHz in Regions 2 and 3”, addresses the title subject. • Recommendation ITU-R M.1637, “Global cross-border circulation of radiocommunication equipment in emergency and disaster relief situations”, offers guidance to facilitate the global circulation of radiocommunication equipment in emergency and disaster relief situations including the need for plans and procedures to be in place before a possible disaster event in order to facilitate the speedy authorization of the use of such equipment. • Working Party 5A also has a Disaster Relief Rapporteur who is tasked with reporting to each meeting on activities in the ITU, regional bodies, and national programs associated with disaster relief and recovery. The most recent report can be found here: http://www.itu.int/md/R12-WP5A-C-0046/en . Contributions to the report are welcome.

Activities in Study Group 4 • The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly assigned Study Group 4 the following Questions associated with disaster relief: • Question 227, “Technical and operational characteristics of emergency communications in the mobile-satellite service” (WP 4B and 4C) • Question 286, “Contributions of the mobile and amateur services and associated satellite services to the improvement of disaster communications” (WP 4C), • Question 290, “Broadcasting-satellite means for public warning, disaster mitigation and relief” (WP 4B)

Activities in Study Group 4continued • Disaster-related Recommendations & Reports under the purview of Study Group 4: • Recommendation ITU-R M.1854, “Use of mobile-satellite service (MSS) in disaster response and relief”, which provides information about the range of frequencies used by mobile-satellite service (MSS) systems that could be identified by Member States for early warning and disaster relief telecommunications in accordance with various ITU-R and WRC Resolutions, was recently revised in cooperation with ITU-D Study Group 2 to include information on a new geostationary-satellite system that has been brought into use at the orbital position 10 °E by the satellite operator Solaris Mobile Limited in the bands 1 980-2 010 MHz (Earth‑to-space) and 2 170-2 200 MHz (space‑to-Earth). • Report ITU-R M.2149, “Use and examples of mobile-satellite service systems for relief operation in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies” was revised in order to include information on above new geostationary-satellite

Activities in Study Group 4 continued • Recommendation ITU-R S.1001, "Use of systems in the fixed-satellite service in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies for warning and relief operations" (http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-S.1001-2-201001-I/en). • Report ITU-R M.2151, “Use and examples of systems in the fixed-satellite service in the event of natural disasters and similar emergencies for warning and relief operations" (http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP-S.2151-2009/en).

ITU-D Focus on Disaster Relief • Tampere Convention on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations came into force 8 January 2005. • The Tampere Convention calls on States to facilitate the provision of prompt telecommunication assistance to mitigate the impact of a disaster, and covers both the installation and operation of reliable, flexible telecommunication services. Regulatory barriers that impede the use of telecommunication resources for disasters are waived. • The ITU assists in fulfilling the objectives of the Tampere Convention. Dr Cosmas Zavazava of the ITU-D is the contact point. • The WTDC assigned Question 22 a key role in implementing Resolution 34 (Rev. Hyderabad, 2010), “The role of telecommunications/information and communication technology in early warning and mitigation of disasters and humanitarian assistance”

Activities in ITU-D Study Group 2Rapporteur Group for Question 22-1/2: Utilization of telecommunications/ ICTs for disaster preparedness, mitigation and response • Publishes reports and handbooks on disaster relief for developing countries • “Utilization of ICT for disaster management, resources, and active and passive space-based sensing systems as they apply to disaster and emergency relief situations” • “Compendium of ITU'S Work on Emergency Telecommunications 2007” • “Best Practice on Emergency Telecommunications” • “Handbook on Emergency Telecommunications - Edition 2005” • “Handbook on Disaster Communications - Edition 2001” • Currently working on: • On-line Toolkit • ITU Handbook “Telecommunication outside plant in areas frequently exposed to natural disasters”

Key Messages • The ITU-R and the ITU-D already have well-established groups focused on disaster relief and recovery. • Efforts must be made not to duplicate the work of the existing groups. • Cooperative and collaborative work between the three sectors will reduce duplication of effort and create synergies. • Liaison activity by the ITU-T Focus Group with ITU-R Study Groups/Working Parties and ITU-D Questions will ensure the most efficient use of time and resources. • “Compendium of ITU'S Work on Emergency Telecommunications 2007” could be a model in three-sector cooperation for us to follow.

CONCLUSIONLet's Work Together for the Good of All ITU-D Needs of Developing Countries for Disaster ReliefStudy Group 2 Q.22 • Captures the unique needs of developing countries • Promulgates and promotes disaster relief solutions Radiocommunications for Disaster ReliefStudy Groups 4, 5, 6, and 7 Disaster Relief • Develop Recommendations and Reports on Radiocommunications for Disaster Relief • Incorporate cutting-edge radiocommunications technologies from SDOs ITU-R Core Network for Disaster ReliefFocus Group on Disaster Relief Systems, Network Resiliency and Recovery ITU-T • Collects and documents information and concepts helpful to the work on disaster relief systems/ applications, network resilience and recovery from a telecommunication network perspective

Back-up Slides

Public Safety Networks Transformation • Why Change? • The network needs to quickly adapt to new services • Need to enable “Ethernet Backhaul” by creating a native transport network Moving from… To… • Voice over TDM circuits • Limited video, voice and data collaboration • Low speed data collection and LMR over TDM circuits. • Limited VPN services • Limited QoS implementation. • Best Effort IP, Reliable TDM. • Voice over IP with rich features and functionalities • Full and instantaneous video, voice and data collaboration tools • Data collections and LMR circuits using IP/Ethernet • Rich and scalable VPN services • IP/MPLS network with sophisticated QoS implementation supporting multiple services

What Would Happen If? Command & Control interfaces Radio Collaboration Situation Rooms Mobile Collaboration Data centerCentral HQ Video Collaboration Public Containment

LTE Main Features High-Speed Data in High Mobility Environments Optimized for InteractiveIP applications Always-on Connection Fast Call Setup Low Data Delay Enhancements forPublic Safety Pre-emption, Prioritization, Network Control Lowest Delays & Highest Data Rates

LTE Main Features Advanced antennasupport Open Standards Commercial ScaleEconomies Being Deployedin the US 700 MHz Band Seamless Roaming ontoCommercial Networks Lowest Delays & Highest Data Rates

LTE Offers Bandwidth to Enable Multi-Agency Networks ~100 kbps ~100 Mbps Land MobileRadio LTE ~1,000-fold Increase inRequired Backhaul Capacity Backhaul Drives Move to Multi-Agency, Multi-Party Networks

Broadband in Disaster Relief and in the ITU ITU-T Workshop on Disaster Relief & Network Resiliency