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Molecular Tools: Engineering Applications

Molecular Tools: Engineering Applications. Environmental Engineering: State of the Art. “Sanitary Engineering” “Environmental Engineering” Biological Processes: Wastewater BOD removal Nutrient Removal Bioremediation Primary Substrate Degradation: ex: oil spills

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Molecular Tools: Engineering Applications

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  1. Molecular Tools: Engineering Applications

  2. Environmental Engineering: State of the Art • “Sanitary Engineering” • “Environmental Engineering” • Biological Processes: • Wastewater • BOD removal • Nutrient Removal • Bioremediation • Primary Substrate Degradation: ex: oil spills • Co-metabolism: ex: chlorinated solvents • Contaminant immobilization: ex: Heavy Metals

  3. Other Engineering Fields: • Biomedical Engineering: • Targeted Drug Delivery • Gene Therapy • Chemical Engineering: • Metabolic Engineering

  4. Tailings Dam http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/research/ggr/PermeableReactiveBarriers/PRBforAMD/PRBforAMD.html Example: Heavy Metal Remediation

  5. Ecology of Sulfate-Reducing Communities Hydrolytic processes Fermentative processes Methanogenic processes Sulfate-reduction processes Polymers Enzymatic Hydrolysis Methanogenesis Oligomers CH4 + CO2 CO2 Alcohols Monomers H2 SO42- Acetate Sulfate Reduction Organic Acids Me2+ CO2 H2S Fermentation CO2 MeS(s)

  6. PM a DM a DM b WL a WL b #1 a #1 b C17 a C17 b C34 a C34 b PM b C5 C6 DGGE of PRB PM - standard DM - inocula from dairy manure WL - inocula from wetland #1 - initial mixture C5 - column 5 C6 - column 6 C17 - mixture of column 1 and 7 C34 - mixture of column 3 and 4

  7. B18 B28 B25 B29 B14 B27 B12 B24 Columns 3,4 SSCP of PRB

  8. Real-Time PCR

  9. Example: MTBE Bioremediation BTEX MTBE

  10. Experimental Design: pH buffered sterilized nutrient solution MTBE only MTBE W/ BTEX TBA W/ BTEX TBAonly BTEX only Sterile control with all 6 compounds Concentration 50 mg/L a well-characterized mixed culture

  11. DGGE Profiles MTBE Only STD TBA only End Mid. End Start Start Mid. Known MTBE degrader “PM1-like” Known MTBE degrader Hydrogenophaga

  12. Real Time PCR of MTBE-Degraders

  13. Example: Fate of Antibiotic Genes • >50% Antibiotics used in U.S. -> Livestock • Antibiotics demonstrated to be in Poudre River (Yang and Carlson) • Effect on Microbial Communities? • Antibiotic Resistance Genes?

  14. Other Areas: • Drinking Water Pathogens • Activated Sludge Upset • Biological Phosphorus Removal • Assessment Tools in Bioremediation

  15. People, Names, Places: • Bruce Rittmann, Northwestern U., Lutgarde Raskin, UI-UC, Nancy Love, Virginia Tech, Dan Oerther, U. Cincinnati, Dan Noguera, UNC, Francis de los Reyes, U Wisconsin- Madison, Pedro Alvarez, U. Iowa • Carl Woese- UI-UC, Rudolf Aaman- Max Planck Institute, Germany, Norm Pace- Boulder, David Stahl-, James Tiedje- Mich. State

  16. Today’s Topics: • TCE-degrading Communities • Wastewater Microbes • Phosphate Removal • Food (beer) microbiology

  17. Flow Cytometry

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