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ANIMAL DIVERSITY

ANIMAL DIVERSITY. Radial Symmetry. NUMBER OF BODY LAYERS. Each embryo starts as a ball of cells – and move into different cell layers Endoderm – Digestive system Mesoderm - internal organs Ectoderm – skin and nervous system

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ANIMAL DIVERSITY

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  1. ANIMAL DIVERSITY

  2. Radial Symmetry

  3. NUMBER OF BODY LAYERS • Each embryo starts as a ball of cells – and move into different cell layers • Endoderm – Digestive system • Mesoderm - internal organs • Ectoderm – skin and nervous system • ONCE A MESODERM IS PRESENT IN AN EMBRYO, THE ORGANISM IS ABLE TO DEVELOP COMPLEX AND EFFICIENT ORGAN SYSTEMS

  4. CoelomBODY CAVITY

  5. IMPORTANCE OF A COELOM • It keeps the INTERNAL ORGANS separated from the outer layer of the body – so that the internal organs can MOVE and GROW on their own.

  6. PHYLOGENETIC TREE • A phylogenetic tree shows how closely two groups are related. • It’s a hypothesis about the history of a group of organisms based on a particular set of chatacteristics. • A tree shows the ANCESTOR at the BASE. • An ancestor is the first species that began a new kingdom, phylum or other group of organisms. • The ancestor of ALL animals are COLONIAL PROTISTS.

  7. D: The original ancestral stock continues to evolve and diversifies to become Phylum 3 PHYLUM 2 PHYLUM 1 PHYLUM 3 C: A new species diverges from the branch leading to Phylum 1. This species is successful and it diversifies and becomes Phylum 2. C D B B: this is a point of DIVERGENCE where a new species evolved from the ancestral stock (Note the ancestral stock continues to exist) –It may undergo evolutionary change. A ANCESTRAL STOCK A: At the base of the tree, “Ancestral stock” means that all the taxonomic groups (phyla) above the trunk descended from a common ancestor

  8. Classification of Animals

  9. Porifera SEA SPONGES

  10. Characteristics of Porifera All sponges livein water Assymetrical Large colonies of individual cells Work together as a unit Sessile/non-motile animals Filter feeders

  11. Spicules (crystals) that form skeleton of sponges

  12. Hollow bodies

  13. Characteristics of Cnidaria • lives in water • diploblastic • soft-bodied (hydrostatic skeleton) • true tissues - no organs • acoelomatic • radial symmetrical • all carnivores • contain nematocysts • have coelenteron/enteron • mouth is only opening

  14. Blue bottles

  15. Platyhelminthes

  16. Characteristics of Platyhelminthes • Flat worms • Soft bodied ( hydrostatic skeletons) • Live in water • Bilaterally symmetrical • Many are parasitic • Concentration of nerves in the front of the organism • Triploblastic • Acoelomate • No through gut

  17. Planaria • Free-living flatworm • Do not live in hosts • Contain concentration of nerve material at the front • Have eyespots to distinquish between light and dark

  18. Body plan of Planaria

  19. Life cycle of the tapeworm

  20. Bilharzia

  21. Annelida Segmented worms

  22. Characteristics of Annelida • Segmented worms • Live in moist habitats • Bilaterally symmetrical • Contain a coelom • Through gut consists of a number of layers • besit goed ontwikkelde stelsels • Triploblastic

  23. Examples of Annelida

  24. Nematoda

  25. Arthropoda

  26. Characteristics of Arthropoda • Largest group of animals • Triploblastic • Bilaterally symmetrical • Through gut • Ectoskeleton • Most undergo metamorphosis • Body divided into 2 or 3 sections • Nervous system consists of brain and nerves

  27. Class Insecta Characteristics of Insecta • Three pairs of legs • Head, thorax and abdomen • One pair of antennae • Two compound eyes • Three simple eyes • Body is segmented

  28. Phylum ArthropodaClass Insecta

  29. Phylum ArtropodaClass Crustacea

  30. Class Crustacea - characteristics • Head and trunk • Two pairs of antenna • One pair compound eyes • Contain gills • Five pairs of jointed legs

  31. Class Arachnida

  32. Class Arachnida - characteristics • Cephalothorax and abdomen • No antennae • Four pairs of legs • Breathing through book lungs and tracheae • Only simple eyes

  33. Housefly (insect): Vector of cholera Proboscis of the housefly used to suck up moist food Symptoms of cholera: • diarrhea • vomiting • muscle cramps • dehydration • intense thirst • cold skin • kidney failure

  34. Tsetsefly: carrier of sleeping sickness

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