Disease Prevention and Control

1. Disease Prevention and Control

2. Types of Diseases • Communicable Diseases • a disease that is spread from one living thing to another • a disease that is spread through the environment • Noncommunicable Disease • a disease that is NOT transmitted by a living thing or the environment

3. Communicable Diseases • Respiratory Infections – occur anywhere in the respiratory tract (from nose to lungs) • Common Cold • Influenza • Pneumonia • Sexually Transmitted Diseases • HIV/Aids • HPV (Human Papillomavirus) • Genital Herpes • Gonorrhea • Hepatitis – an inflammation of the liver • Hepatitis A, B, and C • Other • Lyme Disease • West Nile Virus • Malaria

4. Lyme Disease

5. Causes of Communicable Diseases • An organism that causes disease is called a pathogen. • An infection is a condition when pathogens enter the body, they multiply, and they damage body cells. • Bacteria • single-celled microorganisms • enter the body and multiply • treated with antibiotics • Viruses • a piece of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat • will invade cells and produce more virus • Other • Fungi – fungus such as mold or yeast • Protozoans – single-celled organisms

6. How Communicable Diseases are Transmitted • Direct Contact • touching, coughing, sneezing, biting, kissing, sexual contact • Indirect Contact • Contaminated Objects – virus or bacteria on object • Vectors – an organism, usually an insect, like a tick, that carries and transmits pathogens to humans or other animals • Water and food – undercooked food, contact with feces • Airborne Transmission • pathogens that float in the air and do not settle on surfaces • influenza, chicken pox, tuberculosis

7. Preventing Communicable Diseases • Handwashing • running water and soap • scrub for 20 seconds • dry hands • Other Prevention Strategies • Eat a healthy diet • Exercise regularly • Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs • Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze • Use insect repellant when outdoors in warm weather • Practice abstinence • Manage stress in a healthy way • Handling Food Properly • Wash hands first • Clean surfaces • Separate raw meat from other food • Cook meat thoroughly • Refrigerate leftover food

8. Noncommunicable Diseases • Cardiovascular Diseases – affects the heart of blood vessels. • hypertension (high blood pressure) • Atherosclerosis – plaque accumulates on artery walls • heart diseases – chest pains, irregular heartbeats, heart attack, congestive heart failure • stroke • Cancer – uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells • Allergies – specific reaction of the immune system to a substance that is frequently harmless

9. Noncommunicable Diseases • Asthma– condition in which the small airways in the lungs become narrowed, causing difficulty in breathing • Diabetes– chronic, life-long disease that affects the way the body converts food into energy • body does not produce insulin • glucose (sugar) builds up in the blood instead of in body cells • Arthritis– pain and loss of movement in the joints

10. Causes of Noncommunicable Diseases • Diet • high-fat, high-cholesterol foods • excess weight • Lack of Exercise • Family History (heredity) • Lifestyle Choices • tobacco, alcohol, or other drug use • suntanning/burning • Environmental Risks • exposure to radiation or other carcinogens • Aging

11. How Noncommunicable Diseases are Transmitted • There is no transmission because these diseases are not given from one person to another.

12. Preventing Noncommunicable Diseases • Cannot control all factors – heredity (family history), age, gender • Controllable factors • Eat nutritious foods • low fat, low cholesterol, low sodium, nutrient-dense foods • Maintain a healthy weight • Exercise regularly • Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs • Protect your skin from ultraviolet radiation