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Lecture 06: Design II

Lecture 06: Design II. February 5, 2013 COMP 150-2 Visualization. Admin. A2: No need to handle negative values Go over the bit shifting and bit masking examples in backbuffer isect example Meeting with your TA before the due date of the next assignment! Liz announcement EC1 graded

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Lecture 06: Design II

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  1. Lecture 06:Design II February 5, 2013 COMP 150-2Visualization

  2. Admin • A2: No need to handle negative values • Go over the bit shifting and bit masking examples in backbufferisectexample • Meeting with your TA before the due date of the next assignment! • Liz announcement • EC1 graded • Design Lecture by Dan Kass

  3. Edward Tufte • “The Visual Display of Quantitative Information” • Self-published book • Evangelist for good visual design • Most designs are static, but many principles apply to interactive (computer-based) visualization designs • Take these design guidelines with a grain of salt

  4. Graphical Excellence • Tufte’s Principles of Graphical Excellence • Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data – a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design.

  5. Graphical Excellence • Tufte’s Principles of Graphical Excellence • Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data – a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design. • Graphical excellence consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency.

  6. Graphical Excellence • Tufte’s Principles of Graphical Excellence • Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data – a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design. • Graphical excellence consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency. • Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink the smallest place.

  7. Graphical Excellence • Tufte’s Principles of Graphical Excellence • Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data – a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design. • Graphical excellence consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency. • Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink the smallest place. • Graphical excellence is nearly always multivariate

  8. Graphical Excellence • Tufte’s Principles of Graphical Excellence • Graphical excellence is the well-designed presentation of interesting data – a matter of substance, of statistics, and of design. • Graphical excellence consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency. • Graphical excellence is that which gives to the viewer the greatest number of ideas in the shortest time with the least ink the smallest place. • Graphical excellence is nearly always multivariate • And graphical excellence requires telling the truth about the data.

  9. Napoleon’s March to Moscow

  10. Minard’sMap ofNapoleon’s March to Moscow

  11. Graphical Integrity • “Above all else show the data”

  12. The Lie Factor • Tufte coined the term “the lie factor”, which is defined as: • Lie_factor = • “High” lie factor (LF) leads to: • Exaggeration of differences or similarities • Deception • Misinterpretation

  13. The Lie Factor • The Lie Factor (LF) can be • LF > 1 • LF < 1 • If LF is > 1, then size of graphic is greater than the size of data • This leads to exaggeration of the data (overstating the data) • If LF < 1, then the size of the data is greater than the graphic • This leads to hiding the of data (understating the data)

  14. What’s Wrong With This? • US Department of Transportation had set a series of fuel economy standards to be met by automobile manufacturers, beginning with 18 miles per gallon in 1978 and moving in steps up to 27.5 by 1985.

  15. What’s Wrong With This? This line represents 18 miles per gallon in 1976, is 0.6 inches long This line represents 27.5 miles per gallon in 1985, is 5.3 inches long

  16. What’s Wrong With This? • The increase in real data between 1978 to 1985 (from 18 MPG to 27.5 MPG) is: • The difference in length between 1978 to 1985 (from 0.6 inches to 5.3 inches) is: • Lie Factor is:

  17. Similarly • This design contains a lie factor of 9.4

  18. Similarly • This design contains a lie factor of 9.5

  19. Other Ways To Lie(with the legend)

  20. Other Ways To Lie(with the encoding)

  21. Other Ways To Lie(with the design variation)

  22. Other Ways To Lie(with the design variation) • Beware of the “3D” effect. It distorts the telling of the data. • There are five vertical scales here: • 1073-1978: • 1 inch = $8.00 • Jan-Mar: • 1 inch = $4.73 • Apr – Jun • 1 inch = $4.37 • Jul – Sep • 1 inch = $4.16 • Oct – Dec • 1 inch = $3.92 • And two horizontal scales: • 1973-1978: • 1 inch = 3.8 years • 1979 • 1 inch = 0.57 years

  23. Other Ways To Lie(with the design variation) • The 3D chart capability in Excel:

  24. Other Ways To Lie(with double-encoding, e.g. size) • Here, both width and height encode the same information. The effect is multiplicative. • 0.44 (width) * 0.44 (height) = 0.19

  25. Other Ways To Lie(with unintended encoding)

  26. Other Ways To Lie(with unintended encoding) • Are we encoding height, area, or volume?

  27. Other Ways To Lie(with alignment)

  28. Other Ways To Lie(with limited context)

  29. Other Ways To Lie(with limited context)

  30. Other Ways To Lie(with limited context)

  31. Other Ways To Lie(with limited context)

  32. Other Ways To Lie(with limited context)

  33. Questions?

  34. Questions?

  35. Design Principles for Graphical Integrity • The representation of numbers, as physically measured on the surface of the graphic itself, should be directly proportional to the numerical quantities represented. • Clear, detailed, and thorough labeling should be used to defeat graphical distortions and ambiguity. Write out explanations of the data on the graphic itself. Label important events in the data. • Show data variation, not design variation. • The number of information-carrying (variable) dimensions depicted should not exceed the number of dimensions in the data. • Graphics must not quote data out of context.

  36. Design Principles for Graphical Integrity • The representation of numbers, as physically measured on the surface of the graphic itself, should be directly proportional to the numerical quantities represented. • Clear, detailed, and thorough labeling should be used to defeat graphical distortions and ambiguity. Write out explanations of the data on the graphic itself. Label important events in the data. • Show data variation, not design variation. • The number of information-carrying (variable) dimensions depicted should not exceed the number of dimensions in the data. • Graphics must not quote data out of context.

  37. Design Principles for Graphical Integrity • The representation of numbers, as physically measured on the surface of the graphic itself, should be directly proportional to the numerical quantities represented. • Clear, detailed, and thorough labeling should be used to defeat graphical distortions and ambiguity. Write out explanations of the data on the graphic itself. Label important events in the data. • Show data variation, not design variation. • The number of information-carrying (variable) dimensions depicted should not exceed the number of dimensions in the data. • Graphics must not quote data out of context.

  38. Design Principles for Graphical Integrity • The representation of numbers, as physically measured on the surface of the graphic itself, should be directly proportional to the numerical quantities represented. • Clear, detailed, and thorough labeling should be used to defeat graphical distortions and ambiguity. Write out explanations of the data on the graphic itself. Label important events in the data. • Show data variation, not design variation. • The number of information-carrying (variable) dimensions depicted should not exceed the number of dimensions in the data. • Graphics must not quote data out of context.

  39. Design Principles for Graphical Integrity • The representation of numbers, as physically measured on the surface of the graphic itself, should be directly proportional to the numerical quantities represented. • Clear, detailed, and thorough labeling should be used to defeat graphical distortions and ambiguity. Write out explanations of the data on the graphic itself. Label important events in the data. • Show data variation, not design variation. • The number of information-carrying (variable) dimensions depicted should not exceed the number of dimensions in the data. • Graphics must not quote data out of context.

  40. Data-Ink • “Maximize the Data-Ink Ratio”

  41. The Concept of Data-Ink Ratio • Data-Ink Ratio =

  42. Data-Ink Ratio • The goal is to aim for high data-ink ratio • Ink used for he data should be relatively large compared to the ink in the entire graphic • Can be thought of as: “proportion of a graphics ink devoted to the non-redundant display of data-information.” • Or, “1.0 – proportion of a graphic that can be erased without loss of data-information.”

  43. High Data-Ink Ratio Example

  44. Low Data-Ink Ratio Example

  45. Example Above, Improved • Data-Ink • Ratio of • 0.7

  46. Example Above, Going to Far… • Data-Ink • Ratio of • 0.0

  47. “Within Reason” • Maximize the Data-Ink Ratio, within reason. • Erase non-data-ink, within reason.

  48. Erasing Non-Data-Ink? • Multiple encodings: • Height of the left line • Height of the right line • Height of shading • Position of top horizontal line • Position (placement) of the number • Value of the number

  49. Erasing Non-Data-Ink? • Common statistical graphs

  50. Erasing Non-Data Ink? • Symmetry has its values…

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