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eTechnology – Smart Card

eTechnology – Smart Card. Dr LM Cheng City University of Hong Kong HKIUG Conference 2000 21-22 June 2000. Smart Card Era. credit cards have become part of our daily life as forms of plastic money since its first launch in 1960 what is a magnetic card ? what is a smart card?. Magnetic Card.

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eTechnology – Smart Card

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  1. eTechnology – Smart Card Dr LM Cheng City University of Hong Kong HKIUG Conference 2000 21-22 June 2000

  2. Smart Card Era • credit cards have become part of our daily life as forms of plastic money since its first launch in 1960 • what is a magnetic card ? • what is a smart card?

  3. Magnetic Card • composed of a layer of magnetic material for storing information • easy to carry • can be use for authentication • what is its principles?

  4. Information on Magnetic Card • the stripe is 8.5cm X 1.2cm • data is constructed based on ISO 7811/2 • maximum 3 stripes • can store around 1K bits

  5. Smart Card • Integrated Circuit - chip • originated from France • invented in 70 and matured in 90 • Magnetic Card replacement

  6. Types of Smart Card • Memory Card • MPU IC card • Crypto- processor card • Contactless card

  7. Memory Card • Primitive type • composed of EEPROM/PROM • simple function • as prepay card

  8. Crypto-processor IC Cards • composed of crypto-processor & PROM • a powerful MPU • can recognize illegal signal and security features

  9. MPU IC Smart Card • Composed of MCU/MPC • software driven • have flexibility and primitive intelligence • some security features

  10. Contactless Smart Card • similar to contact smart card • with RF transceiver to increase robustness and security

  11. Advantages of Smart Card • Large storage capacity • more security features • multiple functions • flexibility in use - intelligent, lower power consumption, effective packaging • as access card, electronic purse, debit/credit cards, ID card etc. - particular off-line applications

  12. Hardware Technologies • new memory technologies - EEPROM and flash-EPROM • new silicon technologies – 0.6 mm to 0.18 mm for more storage and security, lower power consumption • new packaging technologies - against breakage, rubbing and bending

  13. Smart Card Software • Intelligent Chip Operating System -COS • Encryption techniques – RSA, DES & ECC • Multiple Application OS • Mondex, EMV, GSM, Loyalty, JAVA, Linux • Platform War • JAVA (universal) & MULTOS • New requirements • hot list, trust key management, PKI, dual interface, downloading feature

  14. THE SMART CARD MARKET IN THE YEAR 2000 (in millions – Source: Philips Communication Systems) Application France Europe Others Total Phone cards 140.8 553.1 640.0 1334 GSM cards 4.0 15.0 42.0 61 Health cards 10.0 55.0 92.0 157 Bank cards 25.0 85.0 75.0 185 ID cards - - - - Transport tickets - - - - Pay TV cards 4.5 24.0 81.0 110 Access control 1.8 3.0 5.0 10 City cards /Misc 24.0 55.1 64.3 143 Total 210.1 790.2 999.3 2000

  15. Some Difficulties Worldwide • Bank card project cancellation - Taiwan • Card tampering slow down bank sector development - RSA and New Zealand • MasterCard - year 2000 delay of massive launching • Visa - adoption of magnetic card in RSA debit card project • Major concern - COST EFFECTIVENESS

  16. Smart Card in Electronic Commerce • Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) • Tradelink • Electronic Purchasing • Home Banking • Internet Shopping

  17. New Technologies Required • Data Storage Management - information protection • authentication process - • biometric: fingerprint, facial features, iris identification, dynamic signature recognition, speech recognition • encryption methods - • Elliptic Curve Cryptography, chaotic techniques

  18. Smart Card in Mobile Phone Applications • Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) emerges for a mobile Internet access • Research work launched in Japan indicates a good market if available. • Mobile operators will provide add on WAP gateways and WAP services to enable wireless internet services: • Banks, financial institutions, restaurants, retailers, • Utilities, transit operators, hotels, • entertainment and media, selling goods and information

  19. Limitation, the SIM card inside the WAP phone cannot provide complicated the PKI authentication process thus security is an issue. • A possible solution is to introduce an additional smart card interface (either contact or contactless) to enable the authentication process. (MasterCard – dual card phone)

  20. New technologies requirements: • The development of m-PKI (mobile PKI) in the multiple-application OS is more essential and practical • The development of high security low power card modules • A better interface to new wireless internet platform, other ancillary technologies, such as Bluetooth and Wireless Wallets are also important

  21. Smart Card in Hong Kong • Mondex • Visa Cash • Campus card • Octopus - smart traveling card • Jockey Club -pre-pay card • New airport - access control card • Telephone card & SIM Card • Parking Meter - prepay card project • Residential access card • Possible new ID card, Road Toll Pay Card

  22. Smart Card Researches in Hong Kong • HKUST obtained HK$2.5M sponsored by Industry Support Fund of HKSAR Government in implementing of biometric techniques for Smart Card/eCommerce application • Chinese University of Hong Kong was granted an Entrepreneur programme (HK$250K) in implementing Fingerprint recognition in smart cards • CityU (we) have submitted a proposal to ITF for HK$8.5M with an industry sponsorship of HK$3.5M to develop chip modules and COS for various special application customisations.

  23. What about our neighbors? • Taiwan Universities and ITRI in Taiwan have heavily involved in ID and bank card project. Totally spending was over NT$1 billion • Singapore government has invested in a Smart Card mounting technologies company and the investment is over US$10 million • China has heavily invested in various Sichuan University, Beijing University of Post & Telecom, Tsinghua University etc. • South Korea is emerging in parallel with its chip manufacturing (Samsung is one of the key module supplier) • In comparison Hong Kong, the government/industry support is limited

  24. Conclusion • Smart Card is an evolutionary product • Trends of use is irreversible • needs more technology breakthrough to make them really smart • Major difficulties - logistic and cost justification but not technology • To play a role in this new emerging market , the government/industries/research institutes have to plan wisely and invested the necessary resources

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