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Sex, Gender, and the Sexual Disorders

Sex, Gender, and the Sexual Disorders. Classifying Sexual Disorders: The DSM-IV-TR Categories. Paraphilias Disorders involving persistent sexual desires or preferences that are considered abnormal Gender identity disorder (transsexualism)

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Sex, Gender, and the Sexual Disorders

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  1. Sex, Gender, and the Sexual Disorders

  2. Classifying Sexual Disorders: The DSM-IV-TR Categories • Paraphilias • Disorders involving persistent sexual desires or preferences that are considered abnormal • Gender identity disorder (transsexualism) • Disorder in which individuals feel that they have the body of the wrong sex and want to change sexes

  3. Paraphilias • Exhibitionism • Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving the exposure of one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger

  4. Paraphilias • Voyeurism • Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving the act of observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, in the process of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity

  5. Paraphilias • Fetishism • Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving the use of nonliving objects

  6. Paraphilias • Transvestic fetishim (transvestitism) • Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving crossdressing in a heterosexual male

  7. Paraphilias • Sexual sadism • Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving acts in which a victim’s psychological or physical suffering is sexually exciting

  8. Paraphilias • Sexual masochism • Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving the act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer

  9. Paraphilias • Pedophilia • Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children

  10. Paraphilias • Frotteurism • Recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving touching and rubbing against a nonconsenting person

  11. Paraphilias • Paraphilias not otherwise specified • Necrophilia • Zoophilia (or bestiality) • Coprophilia • Urophilia • Telephone scatologia

  12. Explaining And Treating Sexual Disorders: The Paraphilias • Psychodynamic Components • Freud’s emphasized the idea that these represented the direct expression in adulthood of “fixated” sexual interests from the developmental phases of childhood • Contemporary theorists view paraphilias as a defense mechanism in response to an childhood experiences that resulted in humiliation. • Turning passive into active (identification with the aggressor)

  13. Explaining And Treating Sexual Disorders: The Paraphilias • Cognitive-Behavioral Components • Classical conditioning • Social learning • Cognitive-behavioral interventions • Phallometric assessment • Masturbatory satiation • Cognitive restructuring

  14. Explaining And Treating Sexual Disorders: The Paraphilias • Biological Components • Disinhibiting brain injuries or illness • Among women, mental retardation plus history of abuse • Biological interventions • Chemical castration • Antidepressant medications

  15. Gender Identity Disorders • Disorder involving intense discomfort with one’s biological sex… and the desire to change it • Gender • A person’s psychological sense of being male or female

  16. Gender Identity Disorders • Strong and persistent cross-gender identification • Persistent discomfort with one’s sex or discomfort in the gender role of that sex • Significant distress or functional impairment related to the condition

  17. Gender Identity Disorders • Prevalence data: extremely rare condition • Male to female more common • GID more common among children than among adults

  18. Explaining Gender Identity Disorders • Biological components • Temperament issues • Hormonal theories • Psychodynamic components • Attempt to connect with a depressed, withdrawn mother

  19. Explaining Gender Identity Disorders • Behavioral components • Environmental reinforcement for cross-gender behavior • Sociocultural and family systems components • Family variables associated with GID: GID boys often have many brothers and are among younger siblings; significant family-wide psychopathology • Multiple causality in GID

  20. Treating GID • Childhood GID: Practical and ethical issues • Adult GID: Sex change/reassignment protocols

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