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History 107

History 107. The Roman Army Changes in Roman Society. Tasks. Agricultural Trade Household Education Publicly owned. Slavery and Agriculture. Controllable expenses, profits, manpower Where is the peasant class?. The Roman Army. Polybius’ account. Army Organization. 2 consuls

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History 107

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  1. History 107 The Roman Army Changes in Roman Society

  2. Tasks • Agricultural • Trade • Household • Education • Publicly owned

  3. Slavery and Agriculture • Controllable expenses, profits, manpower • Where is the peasant class?

  4. The Roman Army • Polybius’ account

  5. Army Organization • 2 consuls • 24 military tribunes (elected officials)

  6. Army Organization • 4 legions • 4200 men/legion • velites - light infantry, youngest • hastati - heavy infantry, next youngest • principes - “prime of life” • triarii - oldest, reserve line

  7. Principles of service • Virtus • Disciplina militaris

  8. Principles of Service • Domi et militiae

  9. Principles of Service • The sacramentum

  10. Principles of Service • The stipendium

  11. The Roman Army Camp • (relatively) uniform construction • a place for everything and everything in its place • the environment yields to Rome, not vice-versa (in theory, at least) • probably Roman in origin

  12. The Roman Camp

  13. Trends of the 2nd century BC • Decrease in citizen population

  14. Trends of the 2nd Century BCE • Changes in agricultural production

  15. Trends of the 2nd century BC, cont. • Diversification in industry and commerce • Growing urban population • Growing influence of equites and publicani

  16. Problems • The profitable wars have been fought • Growing landless class at home • Overseas discontent with Roman corruption/brutality/high taxes

  17. Complaints • Equites • Publicani (often equites)

  18. More problems • Roman allies (socii) (generally Italian)

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