Data Base Management System

1. Data Base Management System

2. Data Base Management System • Data • Data can be a facts related to any object in consideration • Eg: • Name, Age, Height,.. are related to human • Student, Faculty, Classroom… are related to college

3. Data Base Management System • Data Base • Data base is a systematic collection of data. • Since data in the database is organized, it makes the data management easy. • Eg: • For a college database might contains information about the following data • Rollno, Student, Branch,.. • The relation ship between data such as student rollno in which branch etc.

4. Data Base Management System • Data Base Management System (DBMS) • DBMS is a collection of programs which enables its users to access database, manipulate data, and help in representation of data. • It also helps to control access to various users • DBMS is a collection of software designed to assist in maintaining and utilizing large collections of data. • The alternative to using a DBMS is to store the data in files and write application-specific code to manage it.

5. Data Base Management System • Data Base Management System (DBMS) • Eg: • Online telephone directory use DBMS to store phone no, name and other details • Electricity service provider use a DBMS to manage billing, client related issues, etc. • Facebook- uses a DBMS to store, manipulate and present data, message….

6. Data Base Management System • History • DBMS first implemented in 1960 by Charles Bachman • Called the Integrated Data Store(IDS). • It is the basis for the network data model • In the late 1960s, IBM developed the Information Management System (IMS) used even today in many major installations. • It formed the basis for the hierarchical data model.

7. Data Base Management System • History • In 1970, Edgar Codd, proposed a new data representation framework called the relational data model. • In the 1980s, The SQL query language for relational databases, developed as part of IBM's System • SQL was standardized in the late 1980s. • Current standard, SQL:1999, was adopted by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

8. Data Base Management System • History • In the late 1980s and the 1990s Several vendors (e.g., IBM‘sDB2, Oracle 8, Informix2 UDS) developed their systems with the ability to store new data types such as images and text, and to ask more complex queries. • Now DBMS are very familiar in web base system

9. Data Base Management System • Types of DBMS • Hierarchical DBMS • Network DBMS • Relational DBMS • Object oriented relational DBMS

10. Data Base Management System • Types of DBMS • Hierarchical DBMS • Employs the child relation ship for storing data • like a tree structure • Eg: windows registry in XP • Network DBMS • Support many to many relationships • Represents complex database structures • Eg: RDM server

11. Data Base Management System • Types of DBMS • Relational DBMS • Defines database relationships with relations • Does not support many to many relationships • Have pre defined data types • Eg: MYSql, Oracle, MS-SQL server • Object oriented relational DBMS • Data are stored in the form of objects • Objects are store in the form of attributes • Eg: postgres SQL

12. Data Base Management System • File System Versus DBMS • Concurrent access Anomalies • Data redundancy • Difficulty in accessing data • Data isolation • Atomicity Problem • Security Problem

13. Data Base Management System • File System Versus DBMS • Concurrent access Anomalies • File system will not allow to access the same data by multiple users at same time- it leads to inconsistent (not correct) of data • Data redundancy (repetition of data) • Data is repeated in file system it needs more storage • For different data, the application program may be changed – it need more storage • Difficulty in accessing data • No efficient way to access data. Write more lines of code for retrieving data from file system

14. Data Base Management System • File System Versus DBMS • Data isolation • Difficulty in retrieving appropriate data • Data may be in different format • Go through the application program and change the code for retrieving different data in file system • Atomicity Problem • File system cannot restored to a consistent stage after a failure or crash • Security Problem • User can access any part of the file system

15. Data Base Management System • Advantages of DBMS • Data Integrity • Roll Back • Security • Concurrency Control • Backup • Data Independence

16. Data Base Management System • Advantages of DBMS • Data Integrity (Accuracy or correctness of Data) • DBMS can enforce integrity constraints. • For example, before inserting information DBMS can check the data. • Roll Back • Undo an executed statement • Security • No unauthorized user access • it can enforce access controls

17. Data Base Management System • Advantages of DBMS • Concurrency Control • Multiple user access can access of change same data at same time • Backup • Copies for security, can take copy of data • Data Independence • The DBMS provides an abstract view of the data that hides some details which are related with.

18. Data Base Management System • Describing And Storing Data In A DBMS • DBMS is concerned with some real-world enterprise • For example, there are students, faculty, and courses in a university, are the data in a university database describes these entities and their relationships. • A data model is a collection of high-level data description constructs that hide many low-level storage details. • A DBMS allows a user to define the data to be stored in terms of a data model. • Most DBMS today are based on the relational data model

19. Data Base Management System • Describing And Storing Data In A DBMS • A semantic data model is a more abstract, makes it easier for a user. • A widely used semantic data model called the entity-relationship (ER) model

20. Data Base Management System • Describing And Storing Data In A DBMS • The Relational Model • A description of data in terms of a data model is called a schema. • In the relational model, the schema for a relation specifies its name, the name of each field (or attribute or column), and the type of each field. • As an example, student information in a university database may be stored in a relation with the following schema: • Students( sid: string, name: string, login: string, age: integer)

21. Data Base Management System • Describing And Storing Data In A DBMS • The Relational Model • Students( sid: string, name: string, login: string, age: integer) • The preceding schema says that each record in the Students relation has 4 fields, with field names and types as indicated.