Fundamentals of Networking

1. Fundamentals of Networking Discovery 1, Chapter 4 Connecting to the Internet through an ISP

2. Objectives • Explain what the Internet is and how we connect to it using an ISP • Explain how information is sent across the Internet through an ISP • Describe & identify the components of an ISP Network Operations Center • Identify the different types of cables and connectors for connecting the devices in the NOS • Construct & terminate twisted pair cables and determine the type of cable needed

3. What this Chapter is About… • Every day people are online • We need to communicate • Internet Service Providers (ISP) • Make this possible • Web of service providers • You’ll see: • Why ISP’s are necessary • The Network Operations Centers

4. What is the Internet? • Worldwide collection of computer networks, cooperating with each other to exchange information using common standards • Network of networks that connects users in every country in the world • Do this through: • Wireless, fiber, telephone lines, satellite & more

5. The Internet • Who owns it? • No one • What allows computers to communicate? • Protocols • There are several organizations that help manage it • Standards • Addressing

6. Imagine… • What would the Internet be like if no organization granted domain names? • Might have 1000 www.nintendo.com sites • What other areas did standards help in? • Mobile web (other browsers) • Any device with browser can access Internet • Use of various devices to access web

7. Internet Organizations • ISOC Internet Society • Central leadership organization • IETF Internet Engineering Task Force • Proposes solutions to Internet problems • Recommends protocol standards • IRTF Internet Research Task Force • Researches future of Internet • How to handle transmissions during disaster • IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority • Bookkeeper of who addresses are assigned to

8. ISP’s • What’s an ISP? • Company that provides connections & support to access the Internet • You MUST go through an ISP to get on the Internet • Name yours & others

9. ISP Services • What other services do ISP’s provide? • Internet access • Domain name registration • Web hosting • Transit to all over • Internet is a series of ISP’s connected to one another

10. Connect to the ISP through POP • Point of Presence • Between your LAN & the ISP • Where you get the ISP’s services- closest point of connection

11. High Speed Backbone

12. Maps & Videos • http://www.telegeography.com/maps/index.php • Video 1- http://youtu.be/XQVzU_YQ3IQ • Video 2- http://youtu.be/v1JEuzBkOD8 • Video 3- http://youtu.be/m6qTk5WNq9E

13. Review • Describe the Internet. • What does ISP stand for? • Internet Service Provider • What does an ISP do? • Provides connection to the Internet • What is the connection point between the ISP and your LAN? • POP

14. Options for Connecting to the ISP • Dial-up- slowest, telephone lines • Cell Phone Modem-decently fast • DSL- high speed over phone lines • Cable Modem- high speed over cable lines • Leased Line- high speed over dedicated digital lines, for businesses, T1 • Satellite- medium speeds

15. Connecting to the ISP • Modem is used to connect to ISP • You may have an ISR to connect multiple computers to the modem

16. ISP Service Levels • Home Service • Slower speed • Less expensive • Less web space • Fewer email addresses • Business Class • Faster speed • More expensive • More web space • More email addresses • SLA (Service Level Agreements) • Network availability terms • Service response time • Link

17. Data • Data is uploaded or downloaded • Define each • There are two types of services for data transfer • Usually home is different than business

18. Asymmetric Service • Download transfer rate is different from upload rate • Common in homes, most Internet users • Download is faster

19. Symmetric Service • Download transfer rate is same as upload rate • Common in businesses or hosting servers • Great for uploading lots of video, data, graphics

20. Which ISP?

21. End of Day One Activity • Handout Research • Go home & test your speed HW! • http://www.speedtest.net

22. Review • Name some features that a business class ISP service would offer that home service does not. • Describe asymmetric service. • Describe symmetric service. • What is a POP? • Connection between LAN & ISP • What’s the high speed links that connect ISPs called? • Backbone

23. The Importance of IP • Internet Protocol • IP carries what you do on the Internet • With others, like TCP/IP • Uses packets to carry data • MUST have source & destination IP address in packet • Routers read them

24. IP Packet • Header contains the IP addresses & control info for routers • Sometimes called a datagram • IP addresses MUST be unique • ISP gets blocks of addresses from Internet Registry • Then they manage & split them up

25. How an ISP handles Packets • Message is divided into smaller packets • 64-1500 bytes • Downloading a 1 MB song requires over 600 packets of 1500 bytes each • ISP determines whether packet is for local ISP service or for remote network

26. NOC • Controls traffic flow • Uses destination IP • Passes from router to router • Has services (web hosting, email)

27. NOC- Monitoring

28. NOC- AT &T Monitoring

29. Network Utilities- Ping • Ping • End-to-end connectivity • Round trip time • ICMP echo request

30. Network Utilities- Traceroute • Traces path from source to destination • Displays each hop • Shows where problem is • In windows, tracert

31. Traceroute • http://visualroute.visualware.com/

32. Activities • Packet Tracer 4.2.3.2- Observe Packet Travel • Lab 4.2.3.3- Use ping, traceroute, visual traceroute and whois to check connectivity and IP addresses and learn more about how packets travel through the Internet.

33. Review

34. The Internet Cloud- 4.3.1 • Many routes to a destination • Bad router- take the back road! • Cloud represents Internet or another network

35. Devices in the Cloud • More than just routers in cloud • Technology at home must match tech at ISP • DSL connects to a DSLAM (access multiplexer) • Cable Modem connects to a CMTS (termination system) • Analog dial-up modem access • Wireless access

36. Devices in the Cloud

37. Devices in the Cloud- At ISP • Must have equipment to connect to other ISPs • Must handle lots of traffic, near 100% uptime, redundant

38. Activity- NOC Equipment

39. Review • A DSLAM is needed at the ISP for which technology? • DSL • What does DSL stand for? • Digital Subscriber Line • A CMTS is needed for which technology? • Cable Modem • What do you need to connect to the Internet? • IP Address, default Gateway, connection to a network, and an ISP to connect you

40. ISP Equipment Requirements • Servers to provide services • Need steady, reliable power • UPS

41. ISP Equipment Requirements • Air & humidity levels • Cable management • Protect from damage & kept organized

42. Review

43. Common Network Cables • What’s another name for cable? • Medium • Channel • Copper • Fiber Optic • Wireless

44. Network Cables We’ll Discuss

45. Twisted Pair Cabling • Electricity over the copper wires • Pairs twisted inside jacket • Can get EMI • Crosstalk on long runs • Signal jump cables • Cat 5 has 3-4 twists per inch • Makes it more resistant to interference

46. Kinds of Twisted Pair • UTP • Electricity • Inexpensive • Easy to install • 4 pairs of wires, color coded • RJ45 connector • Cat 5 & 5e • 100 & 1000Mbps • Cat 6 • 1000Mbps & higher

47. Review • What connector is on UTP? • RJ45 • What is the high speed links called that connect ISPs? • Backbone • A router, switch & access point all in one is called what? • ISR

48. Coax Cable • Transmits electricity • Better shielding than UTP • Harder to install than UTP • ISP uses these for CMTS

49. Fiber Optic Cables • Transmits pulses of light • Used in big environments • Glass or plastic • No EMI • High speed • LAN backbone • Connect ISP to Internet • 2 fibers • Transmit & receive

50. Fiber Optic Cables • Multimode • Less $, used more • Used in LANs/Campuses • 2000 meters • LED • Many paths of light • Single Mode • More $, faster speed • Connects backbone/NOCs • 3000 meters • LED laser • Single path of light