English Vocabulary

1. English Vocabulary Lecture 1 “没有语法不能很好地表达，而没有词汇则什么也不能表达。”

2. Call the roll

3. Today’s lecture • About this course • Basic vocabulary knowledge • Some vocabulary learning skills

4. Classroom arrangement • 单周：中3-2341 • 双周（包括本周）：中3-3315

5. Course Requirements • Regular attendance • Class performance • Quiz • Homework

6. Final Result • 学期总成绩=平时成绩(60%)+期末成绩(40%) • 平时成绩 60% • 期末成绩 40% 小测验(quiz) 40% 课堂表现(performance)10% 出勤(attendance)10%

7. About quiz • Dictation; • Explaining English words; • Filling in blanks with Chinese meaning given; • Word matching; • Cloze; • Reading comprehension • Translation

8. Attendance Total points 10, but Lateness -1 Leave Sick -1 Private -1 Business (with official proof) Absence -3 Note: As for the sick leave, the first 2 times will bepardoned.

9. Vocabulary book for this course 《淘金式巧攻大学英语词汇4级分册》5.0升级版 2005年2月第5版 伍乐其主编 中山大学出版社 定价14.80元

10. Content of the book • 内容: • 注: 由于四级题型的变化，书中所区分的高频和低频没有意义。教学中只按照lesson的编号进行。 60个lessons (约2100个单词) 领会式掌握词汇约900单词 总数约为3000词

11. Vocabulary in CET 4 • 1999《大学英语四级考试大纲》对四级词汇的要求是：“领会式掌握4200单词（其中复用式掌握的单词为2500），以及由这些词构成的常用词组1600条（中学所掌握的词和词组均包括在内），并且有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力。”

12. Vocabulary Study A question • How do you learn vocabulary in the past?

13. 3 English words • insight • gallon • coo What do you think of vocabulary learning? How can you improve memorize vocabulary?

14. What does insight mean? in + sight = insight inside + seeing = seeing into deep + understanding = deep understanding

15. sentence meaning • We must have an insight into consumers’ attitudes — what do people really think about counterfeit (假冒的) goods and why do they choose to buy or, indeed, not to buy, fake products. Insight: the power of seeing into a situation; the power of using one’s mind to see or understand the true nature of a situation；deep understanding (褒)洞察力

16. More examples • She is a woman of great insight. • The scientist has an insight into the future of this technology.

17. gallon e.g. A gallon of oil produces up to 0.67 gallons of gasoline. A unit of volume; 1 gallon is about 4.5 litres 加仑

18. coo • Her voice, when she spoke, was as sweet and soft as the cooing of a dove. to make a sound like the soft cry of a dove or pigeon;咕咕地叫

19. Vocabulary and affix Prefixes: modifying the meaning. Suffixes: determining the parts of speech affix

20. Magniloquent : magn(i)= big, great (大)；loqu= language（语言、话）; -ent是一个形容词后 • Malodorous: ma1= bad，evil（不好的），odor:气味，ous是形容词后缀. 夸张的 有臭味的;不合法的(引申)

21. Exercise:With the meaning of the affixes given, choose the right answer or use the right words to fill in blanks. • predict, ( pre-=before; dict=to say) The weather service centre predicts rain for tomorrow. A. 预告，预言 B. 汇报 2. prescribe: pre-=before; scribe= write The law prescribes what should be done. A. 描述 B.规定 3. prejudice: pre-=before, judice=judgement Many employers(雇主) have a prejudice against women workers. A. 喜爱 B. 偏见 4. postpone: post-=after; pon=put The sports meeting was postponed because of rain. • 推迟 B. 取消

22. 5. childish: -ish=like …; of … Crying for things you can’t have is childish. A. 幼稚的 B. 愚蠢的 6. enlarge：en-=to make; Different people have different ways to enlarge their vocabulary. A. 强化 B. 扩大 7. enrich：en-=to make Music can certainly enrich your whole life. A. 使明亮 B. 使丰富

23. imaginative: imagine= to form a picture, to think; -tive=active imaginary: imagine= to form a picture, to think; -ary=of…, being… imaginable: -able=able to be … V.ed He is an writer and he always brings his readers into an totally unknown world. Harry Porter is just ancharacter popular with young men. It is that he failed in this exam because he was always late for school. imaginative imaginary imaginable

24. ampere 安培 calorie卡路里 pence便士 ounce盎司 volt伏特 watt瓦 ballet芭蕾舞 bowling保龄球 cartoon卡通 golf高尔夫 guitar吉他 jazz爵士乐 champagne香槟酒 cigar雪茄 pudding布丁 soda苏打 toast土司 hormone荷尔蒙 Vocabulary and Pronunciation vitamin维生素 X-ray X光 tyre轮胎 heroin海洛因 opium 鸦片 romantic罗曼蒂克的 typhoon台风 utopia 乌托邦

25. Exercise: Point out the Chinese meanings of the underlined words by means of their pronunciation. • I often use baby shampoo to wash my little son’s hair. • Penicillin is an effective medicine for reducing pain and diminishing inflammation (消炎). • One shouldn’t drive after drinking whiskey. • Some scientists are against cloning, that is, to make a copy of a plant, animal or gene, in spite of some advantages that may be brought to the gene technology. • The old lady made a marathon speech of 6 hours which is a bore for everyone in the room

26. Vocabulary and Context I was trying to make up a good excuse. She never goes out without making herself up first. Farming and mining make up most of the country’s industry. We often quarrel but we always make it up soon after. make up

27. Exercise • 阅读短文，并借助上下文猜测短文中所列出的词语。猜词时从横线下面所列的若干词义选项中选择一项意思最接近的。

28. A drunk (1) decides to go ice fishing, so he gathers (2) his gear (3) and goes walking around until he finds a big patch (4) of ice. He heads (5) into the center of the ice and begins to saw (6) a hole. All of a sudden, a loud booming (7) voice comes out of the sky. “You will find no fish under that ice.” The drunk looks around, but sees no one. He starts sawing again. Once more, the voice speaks, “As I said before, there are no fish under the ice.” The drunk looks all around, high and low, but can’t see a single soul (8). He picks up the saw (9) and tries one more time to finish. Before he can even start cutting, the huge (10) voice interrupts (11), “I have warned (12) you three times now. There are no fish!” The drunk is now somewhat scared (13), so he asks the voice, “How do you know there are no fish? Are you God trying to warn me?” “No”, the voice replied. “I am the manager of this hockey (冰球) area!” A. area B. very loud C. cut D. person E. told what may happen, usually something bad or dangerous F. person who has drunk too much wine G. stops him H. full of fear I. things needed for fishing J. deep K. gets L. goes M. cutting tool

29. Vocabulary Learning Skills • Comparison(比较法) spelling attribute, distribute, contribute altitude 海拔高度 attitude 态度 latitude 纬度，范围 usage and meaning depend on, count on, rely on lead to, result in, give rise to attribute to, owe to because of, owing to, due to appeal 请求，对…有吸引力 appear 出现

30. Vocabulary Learning Skills • Association (联想记忆) gl- 开头的单词大多有“闪光”的意思，表示发光，闪耀或表面光亮的东西。如： glass（玻璃）， glory（光荣） glow（发光） glitter（闪光） gleam（闪烁） gl-也与“看”有关，如glance[一瞥（有意的）；扫视], glimpse[瞥见（无意的）]

31. Vocabulary Learning Skills • Association (联想记忆) fl-听起来有飞翔流动的声音。 flow 流动 flame 火焰 flood 洪水 float漂流 fluid 流动性 flush 冲洗 flexible 是“灵活的”，可以想象成因为流动不固定而有灵活性。 flu 流感（有意识的联系到“流”的意思中）。

32. heroine中有二男二女和毒品：he, her, hero, heroine, heroin (海洛因) • climb(攀登)时要利用limb（肢体） • 大夫diagnose（诊断）病有时也用nose。 • 科学理论的example和sample（样品）都（ample）大量存在。 • 论堆（heap）卖的东西就便宜（cheap）。

33. widow 寡妇——window窗——寂寞的寡妇（widow）站在窗（window）前张望 • scar伤疤——car小汽车——小汽车（car）被擦了一下，“嘶（s）”的一声，留下一道伤疤（scar）。 • broom笤帚——room房间；b象把朝上的笤帚——笤帚（broom）放在房间（room）把要朝上。 • cylinder圆锥体——谐音：谁拎的——圆锥体没有把柄，不好拿，是谁拎的？

34. Vocabulary Learning Skills • Frequent use.

35. How to be an efficient learner?Stage 1 • 把每天要记忆的词汇分成2-3段时间来记忆，多次少量比一次多量要效果好。 • 每次记忆新词之前，务必先浏览前一天已背词汇。 • 识记新词的第一步，就是把它大声地读出来。 • 识记新词务必理解其含义和用法，认真读例句，仍不明白查字典。

36. How to be an efficient learner? Stage 2 • 快速第一遍：每天2个lessons，约70个单词。方法：读音+理解含义用法+标识难易程度。 • 强化标记内容第二遍 • 查漏补缺第三遍 • 融会贯通第四遍

37. 背单词的误区 • 企图找到一个好的记忆捷径 • 把背单词看成是极其痛苦的事情，不断可怜自己。 • 这页的单词没背下，决不前进。

38. More tips on learning new words • 背记的过程中应该不断调整自己 • 不断变换方式 • 复习的窍门

40. 艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线 遗忘先慢后快的规律 9小时 4小时

41. 及时复习。 • 多次复习。 • 间时复习。 • “使用“复习。

42. Today’s Homework • Learn the new words of Lesson 1 to Lesson 15.