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Prelude to War

Prelude to War. 1933 Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia 1936 German troops into Rhineland 1937 Japan invades China 1938 Austria formally joins Germany (Anschluss) 1938 Germany annexes Sudetenland English and French approve (Munich Agreement)

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Prelude to War

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  1. Prelude to War • 1933 Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany • 1935 Italy invades Ethiopia • 1936 German troops into Rhineland • 1937 Japan invades China • 1938 Austria formally joins Germany (Anschluss) • 1938 Germany annexes Sudetenland English and French approve (Munich Agreement) • 1939 German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact • 1939 “Pact of Steel” Germany-Italy

  2. World War II • Finland • Estonia • Latvia • Lithuania • Poland • Czechoslovakia • Austria • Hungary • Yugoslavia After World War I, borders changed, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was broken up, and a number of new countries emerged in Europe.

  3. Italian Timeline 1935: Italy invades Ethiopia. 1936: Germany and Italy form Rome-Berlin Axis. Italy intervenes in the Spanish Civil War 1937: Italy leaves League of Nations 1939: Italy annexes Albania 1940: Italy invades Egypt and Greece 1941: Italy declares war on the Soviet Union Benito Mussolini

  4. German Timeline Germany Rises Again March 1936: Germany occupies and remilitarizes Rhineland in violation of Treaty of Versailles. Sudetenland Germany March 1938: Germany annexes Austria. (Anschluss) Austria Czechoslovakia September 1938: Munich Conference approves German acquisition of Sudetenland. (Appeasement) March 1939: Germany occupies rest of Czechoslovakia. World Leaders at Munich Conference

  5. 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 UK 195,000 196,000 196,000 192,000 190,000 212,300 France 558,000 551,000 643,000 643,000 693,000 698,000 Germany 103,000 240,000 480,000 520,000 550,000 720,000 Italy 285,000 282,000 1,300,000 343,000 370,000 373,000 Soviet Union 535,000 940,000 1,300,000 1,300,000 1,400,000 1,500,000 Manpower in European Armies 1933: Hitler named Chancellor of Germany Germany leaves League of Nations 1935: Germany reestablishes military conscription in violation of Treaty of Versailles

  6. World War II Germany Rises Again Aug 1939: Britain and Poland sign mutual assistance treaty. Germany and Soviet Union sign the Molotov-Ribbentrop non-aggression pact and agree to partition Poland. Adolf Hitler & Joseph Stalin Germany invades Poland. Britain and France declare war on Germany. WAR BREAKS OUT Chamberlain

  7. World War II (The European War) Allied Powers • France • Great Britain Axis Powers • Germany • Italy

  8. Major Wartime Events • 1939 Germany invades Poland - WWII starts • 1940 Germany controls western Europe • 1941 United States enters war • 1944 D-Day • 1945 War in Europe ends • 1945 US drops two atomic bombs

  9. Poland • Sept. 1 Invade using Blitzkreig • Sept. 3 England and France declare war • Sept. 5 Frontier Breaks • Sept. 9 Warsaw surrounded • Sept. 17 Polish army surrenders • Sept. 27 Warsaw falls Jewish ghetto lasts longer than Polish army.

  10. USSR • Communists vs. Fascists • Spanish Civil War • 1939 Non-aggression Pact with Germany • Stalin continues consolidating power • Kills most of experienced military leaders

  11. USA • Isolationist • Felt was “suckered” into World War I • Economic motives for neutrality • Lack of international interest • Refused to sign Versailles, • Refused to join League of Nations • American Pro-Axis & Pro-Allies political parties

  12. The Western Front • von Schlieffen Plan • Maginot Line • Ardennes Forest.

  13. The Fall of France • May 5 Germans attack • Paris declared an open city • May 22 Cease fire • May 25 French flanked • June 22 France surrenders.

  14. Dunkirk • Germans surround Allied forces • May 21 French and British trapped at Dunkirk • Massive rescue operation • use any vessel possible • June 3-4 335,000 men 215k of 250k UK 125k of 380k Fr

  15. The Eastern Front • June 22, 1941 Germany invades Russia • Known as “Operation Barbarosa” • Army Group North -- Leningrad • Army Group Center -- Smolensk (200 miles shy of Moscow) • Army Group South -- Kiev.

  16. Operation Barbarosa • 2 prongs: Encirclement and Pursuit • Massive scale: largest country in the world knocked out in 8 to 12 weeks • Intelligence vacuum (size, equip., quality) • US/UK warn Stalin • Hitler’s mistakes. Map of Barbarosa

  17. Operation Barbarosa

  18. War in the East Japanese Expansion • 1918 - gain German territories (why now?) • 1931 - attack Manchuria, establish Manchukuo • 1937 - Declare war on China • 1940 - SE Asia - U.S response.

  19. War in the East • Pearl Harbor - December 7, 1941 • destroys most of US fleet - carriers are on patrol • Midway - June 4, 1942 • entirely carrier based airplanes • Japan loses 4 aircraft carriers - severely weakened.

  20. Major Battles • Stalingrad - till 1943 • vital industrial and railroad center • fight for every foot • German army captured

  21. Major Battles

  22. Major Battles • D-Day - June 6, 1944 • secrecy and misdirection • landing on beaches of Normandy • Battle of the Bulge - December 1944 • Germany’s last gasp • almost successful.

  23. The End of the War • May 8 VE Day Atomic Bombs • August 6 Hiroshima - Fat Man • August 9 Nagasaki - Little Boy • August 12 VJ Day

  24. Germany: 3,250,000 Japan: 1,270,000 Rumania: 519,822 Austria: 280,000 Italy: 149,496 Hungary: 147,435 5,616,753 Soviet Union: 6,115,000 China: 1,324,516 Poland: 664,000 Great Britain: 357,116 Yugoslavia: 305,000 United States: 291,557 France: 201,568 9,477,382 Military Deaths in WWII (Europe & Pacific)

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