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Rock Classification: Earth's Crust Study Guide

Explore the formation and types of rocks in the Earth's crust. Dive into how crystals form, why rocks have layers, and the classification of rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic families.

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Rock Classification: Earth's Crust Study Guide

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  1. Grade 7 ScienceUnit 4: The Earth’s Crust Classification of Rocks

  2. Questions to Ponder… • How do the crystals or minerals form in a rock? • Why do some rocks have layers? • Why do some rocks have rounded particles while others have angular particles?

  3. Rocks • Are combinations of two or more minerals. • They can be grouped into three families depending on how they are formed.

  4. 1. Igneous Rocks • Result from the cooling of molten (melted) rock material. • The cooling creates crystals in the rocks. • Basalt and granite are the most common.

  5. Molten Rock can form… Above the ground Below the ground Lava Magma

  6. 2 types of Igneous Rock Intrusive • formed below the surface of the Earth. • Rocks cool very slowly. • They have large crystals.

  7. Gabbro Granite

  8. Extrusive • Formed above the Earth’s surface. • Rocks cools quickly. • They have small crystals.

  9. Basalt Rhyolite Obsidian

  10. 2. Sedimentary Rocks • Form from the compaction and cementation (lithification) of sediments into visible layers called beds.

  11. Sedimentary rocks are classified by grain size… • Small particles (silt or mud) Shale

  12. Medium Particles (sand – can roll between your fingers) Sandstone

  13. Large Particles (gravel) Conglomerate

  14. Plant and animal particles Limestone

  15. 3. Metamorphic Rocks • Result when pre-existing rocks (parent rocks) undergo changes due to heat, pressure and water. • This is a long and slow process.

  16. Parent Rocks… • Sedimentary • Metamorphic PARENT: Shale Slate

  17. Sedimentary • Metamorphic PARENT: Limestone Marble

  18. Sedimentary • Metamorphic PARENT: Sandstone Quartzite

  19. Igneous • Metamorphic PARENT: Granite Gneiss

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