Kakia Chatsiou Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex achats@essex.ac.uk

1. Introduction Demo Grammar References XLE Tutorial & Demo Kakia Chatsiou Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex achats@essex.ac.uk LG517. Introduction to LFG 1

2. Introduction Demo Grammar References Outline • Introduction • What’s XLE? • The basic Grammar file • Examining a rule • Examining a lexical entry • Demo Grammar • Assumptions • Coverage • Demonstration • References Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 2

3. Introduction Demo Grammar References Outline • Introduction • What’s XLE? • The basic Grammar file • Examining a rule • Examining a lexical entry • Demo Grammar • Assumptions • Coverage • Demonstration • References Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 3

4. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • What’s XLE? • Xerox Linguistics Environment • A computational environment developed to facilitate the writing and debugging of Lexical Functional Grammars • C-structure, f-structure, s-structure, and further projections can be defined • Includes other activities related to grammar development: analysing performance, test suites, generation, treebanks and other. Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 4

5. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 5

6. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. Grammar Version ID Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 6

7. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. Language ID Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 7

8. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. Component ID Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 8

9. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. XLE version Number Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 9

10. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. 4 dashes signal the end of each section / file Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 10

11. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. here it is S(entence) The default category when parsing Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 11

12. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. here no files are included the list of files to be included, ending in .lfg Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 12

13. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. here precedence is given to the grammar with version ID TOY and language ID Ellinika specification of which lexical entries, rules and templates are given precedence Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 13

14. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. list of the grammatical relations which must be subcategorised for in order to appear in the argument list of of the PRED Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 14

15. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. list of attributes whose values must contain a PRED Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 15

16. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. list of attributes which do not distribute when coordinated Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 16

17. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. the category which is covert in the c-structure (empty string) Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 17

18. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • The basic grammar file. The ranking of optimality constraints Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 18

19. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • Examining a rule Category Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 19

20. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • Examining a rule Category Schema Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 20

21. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • Examining a rule Defining equality Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 21

22. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • Examining a rule Defining equality Disjunction Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 22

23. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • Examining a rule  Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 23

24. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • Examining a rule   Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 24

25. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • Examining a rule Shuffle operator Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 25

26. Introduction Demo Grammar References What’s XLE? The basic grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • Examining a rule Shuffle operator Comment Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 26

27. Introduction Demo Grammar References What is XLE? The basic Grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • Examining a lexical entry grammatical category Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 27

28. Introduction Demo Grammar References What is XLE? The basic Grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • Examining a lexical entry Morphological marker Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 28

29. Introduction Demo Grammar References What is XLE? The basic Grammar file Examining a rule Examining a lexical entry Introduction • Examining a lexical entry Template (shortcuts) Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 29

30. Introduction Demo Grammar References Assumptions Coverage Demonstration Demo Grammar • toy-gre7.lfg • Assumptions • Coverage • Demonstration Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 30

31. Introduction Demo Grammar References Assumptions Coverage Demonstration Demo Grammar • Assumptions • All four possible Modern Greek word orders (VSO, SVO, OSV and OVS) are equally acceptable and grammatical • Modern Greek Word order is represented non-configurationally (Tzanidaki, 1996; Alexopoulou, 1999 among others) : • No morphology. For each word there is a separate lexical entry for each case, gender and number. Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 31

32. Introduction Demo Grammar References Assumptions Coverage Demonstration Demo Grammar • Coverage • All 4 word orders (ex.1-4) • Pro-drop character of the language (empty string node e as a disjunction in the subject NP c-structure node) (ex.5-6) • Subcategorization frames of intransitive, transitive and ditransitive verbs (including the realisation of the OBL object of ditransitive verbs either through an NP in GEN or a PP[se](ex 7-10), successfully ruling out sentences like (11) • successful assignment of the appropriate grammatical functions to constituents according to their case (NOMSUBJ, ACCOBJ, GENOBL) (ex.12) ruling out ex.13 • number, case and gender assignment among the constituents of an NP or a PP (ex.14-17) Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 32

33. Introduction Demo Grammar References Assumptions Coverage Demonstration Demo Grammar Demonstration Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 33

34. Introduction Demo Grammar References References • XLE walkthrough. http://www2.parc.com/istl/groups/nltt/xle/doc/walkthrough.html • Tzanidaki, Dimitra Irini. 1996. ”Configurationality and Greek Clause structure”. UCL Working Papers in Linguistics. • Alexopoulou, Theodora. 1999. The syntax of Discourse functions in Greek; a non configurational approach. PhD thesis, University of Edinburg. Aikaterini K. Chatsiou 34