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Save More Lives with CPR FDNY-CPR Training Unit

Save More Lives with CPR FDNY-CPR Training Unit. December 6th, 2006. Professor William B. Eimicke Azilomhe Akhigbe, Toshihide Aotoke, Brooke Cutler Ming-Ming Liu, Lesia Lozowy, Emmi Poteliakhoff, Gail Tang. Agenda. Goals and Research Strategy Literature Review Geographical Analysis Survey

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Save More Lives with CPR FDNY-CPR Training Unit

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  1. Save More Lives with CPRFDNY-CPR Training Unit December 6th, 2006 Professor William B. Eimicke Azilomhe Akhigbe, Toshihide Aotoke, Brooke Cutler Ming-Ming Liu, Lesia Lozowy, Emmi Poteliakhoff, Gail Tang

  2. Agenda • Goals and Research Strategy • Literature Review • Geographical Analysis • Survey • Key Findings • Recommendations • Further Studies

  3. Goals of the Project • Assess the effectiveness of the current FDNY CPR training program. • Identify who is being reached by the program • Examine the knowledge retention rate of program participants • Determine how large the multiplier effect is • Make recommendations on how to improve and expand the program.

  4. Research Strategy • Literature review and consultations with experts • Geographical analysis using the FDNY data and publicly available data • Survey of program participants

  5. Literature Review • Instruction methods • Video instruction is as effective as traditional course • Hands-on practice is important; online study is insufficient • CPR skills acquisition and retention • Most trainees do not have adequate CPR competency after training • Refresher training • Refresher courses are recommended to boost trainees’ confidence and skill retention

  6. Actual FDNY CPR trainings are: Weakly related to poverty levels Only very weakly related to race Not conducted in areas with older populationgroups Studies show people with higher CA rates are: Low socio-economic profiles African-Americans 65 and older Geographical Analysis

  7. Geographical Analysis • Positive correlation between where CA incidents occur and where CPR trainings were conducted 11236 Brooklyn Canarsie Pier 11691 Far Rockaway 11203 Brooklyn East Flatbush 110463 Bronx Marble Hill 10314 Staten Island CUNY 10458 Bronx 10461 Bronx East

  8. Survey of Program Participants • Created questionnaires that ask about: • Willingness and confidence to perform CPR • CPR Knowledge • Multiplier Effect • Demographic data • Performed stratified random research • Chose 28 sample groups (521 people) • Groups included kit and combo groups • From Nov. 2005 to Sep. 2006 • Sent questionnaires to group leaders for processing

  9. Survey Results: Response • Received questionnaires from 12 groups or 43% of groups surveyed - 10 kit groups and 2 mannequin groups • Received questionnaires from 139 participants or 27% of those surveyed

  10. Survey Results: Demography • Age: average is 35, ranging from 12-81 • Gender: 62% female and 38% male • Ethnicity: 46% Black, 30% Hispanic, 21% White • Education: 46% high school, 29% college, 25% master’s or higher • Time elapsed since training: average is 255 days, ranging from 96 to 349 days • Household Size: On average, respondents live with three people, only 8% live alone

  11. Survey Results: Geography • 28% Bronx, 28% Queens, and 26% Brooklyn • 11% are from outside NYC (Suffolk and Nassau)

  12. Survey Results:Performing CPR in an emergency • 82 percent of respondents willing to perform CPR.

  13. Survey Results: Performing CPR in an emergency • 85 percent of respondents at least “somewhat confident” in their ability to perform CPR 85%

  14. High levels of willingness to perform CPR in an emergency situation. High levels of confidence in ability to perform CPR FDNY’s CPR trainings inspire confidence! Survey Results: Performing CPR in an emergency

  15. Survey Results:Performing CPR in an emergency Quotes from Participants: “Excellent instructors” “The training was excellent. It was very informative and the information provided was very valuable.” “I learned a lot, now I know how to save people”

  16. Refresher courses can keep the knowledge rate high Survey Results: Retention of CPR Knowledge • Average score is 3.74 (out of 6) • Factors such as age, gender, education, ethnicity, have no significant impact on scores • Respondents’ retention declined over time (score decreases on average by 1 point in 200 days)

  17. Survey Results: Retention of CPR Knowledge • Questions most often answered incorrectly: • Compression-ventilation ratio • 63 percent gave wrong answer • Ventilations overestimated • Hand Placement • 57 percent gave wrong answers

  18. Survey Results:Training Others • 71% confident in their ability to train others but • Only 38% trained others 71% 38%

  19. Multiplier effect is lower than expected (AHA assumed 2.2) 63% of kits are never used to train others. Selective distribution of kits should be considered Survey Results:Multiplier Effect • High confidence in ability to train others • Most respondents did not train anyone. • Respondents who live in larger households are more likely to train others • Average multiplier factor is 1.3 (or 0.7 when two outliers are removed)

  20. Mannequin and Anytime kit training equally effective Mannequin training more cost effective Survey Results: Kit vs. Mannequin Training • No significant difference is observed in respondents’ scores and confidence • Mannequin training: $4.32/person • Anytime Kit training: $21.32/person

  21. Summary of Recommendations • Increase number trained • Conduct program advocacy • Boost fundraising • Develop low-cost training resources • Increase outreach efforts and target at-risk populations • Introduce refresher courses

  22. 1. Increase number trained Conduct greater advocacy efforts Action Items: • Assign a program coordinator responsible for marketing • Gain the New York Mayor’s support • Conduct public service announcements • Provide reward/gift from FDNY for completing CPR training Boost Fundraising Action Items: • Establish a donation-based organization • Attract corporate donors • Work with the FDNY’s Public Relations

  23. 2. Develop low-cost training resources Adopt alternative training methods Action Items: • Provide more combo trainings • Offer CPR Anytime kit selectively • Charge a nominal fee of $5-10 per kit • Negotiate with AHA for a lower price • Distribute only Mini Anne, not the entire kit

  24. 3. Target At-risk Population Define at-risk population Action Items: • Record trainees’ profiles • Collect geographic and demographic information Reach at-risk population Action Items: • Promote local press coverage • Engage special interest groups and community organizations

  25. 4. Introduce Refresher Courses Provides refresher course six months after training Action Items: • Offer an online refresher course (develop video and post on website) • Distribute training reminders to trainees, such as key chains or magnets that list CPR steps

  26. Future Studies • Introduce AED training • Improve data management system on cardiac arrest • Develop alternative training methods • Recruit volunteer CPR instructors

  27. Thank You for Your Attention! Any Questions?

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