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CHRONIC PHYSICAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

CHRONIC PHYSICAL HEALTH PROBLEMS. Chronic Physical Health Problems. Health problems present for extended periods and that are characterized by nonreversible pathological changes a need for lifestyle adjustment, or a prolonged period of supervision and care by health professionals.

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CHRONIC PHYSICAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

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  1. CHRONIC PHYSICAL HEALTH PROBLEMS

  2. Chronic Physical Health Problems • Health problemspresent for extended periods and that are characterized by • nonreversible pathological changes • a need for lifestyle adjustment, or • a prolonged period of supervision and care by health professionals

  3. Personal Effects of Chronic Health Problems • Impairment: Loss of psychological, physiological, or anatomical, structure or function • Disability: Limitation in functional ability • Handicap: Disadvantage resulting from impairment or disability that impedes role fulfillment • Financial burden

  4. Population Effects of Chronic Health Problems • Societal costs • Morbidity • Mortality

  5. Assessing Risk for Chronic Health Problems • Biophysical considerations • Psychological considerations • Physical Environmental considerations • Sociocultural considerations • Behavioral considerations • Health system considerations

  6. Biophysical Considerations • Age • Gender • Race/ethnicity • Genetic inheritance • Physiologic function • Physical and functional effects

  7. Psychological Considerations • Stress • Depression • Anxiety • Bereavement • Psychological effects

  8. Physical Environmental Considerations • Pollution • Physical safety hazards • Environmental justice • Environmental effects on physical function

  9. Sociocultural Considerations • Poverty/unemployment • Social norms for unhealthful behavior • Culture • Lack of education • Legislation • Occupational factors • Social support • Social effects

  10. Behavioral Considerations • Dietary patterns • Smoking • Drug and alcohol use/abuse • Exercise and leisure • Safety practices • Self-assessment behaviors

  11. Health System Factors • Failure to education clients to prevent chronic health problems • Lack of screening services • Lack of access to care • Aggressiveness of treatment

  12. Primary Prevention • Health promotion/illness prevention • Risk factor modification

  13. Health Promotion/Illness Prevention • Education for prevention and promotion • Political activity • Immunization

  14. Risk Factor Modification • Smoking cessation • Weight control • Hypertension control • Use of safety precautions • Elimination of environmental pollutants

  15. Secondary Prevention • Screening • Early diagnosis • Prompt treatment • Stabilization • Establishing a treatment regimen • Motivating compliance • Promoting self-management • Monitoring treatment effects

  16. Tertiary Prevention • Preventing loss of function in affected systems • Preventing loss of function in unaffected systems • Restoring function • Monitoring health status • Promoting adjustment • End-of-life care

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