Promises and Turmoil of the 60s

1. Promises and Turmoil of the 60s

4. Nixon (R) v. JFK (D) • Nixon VP for Eisenhower (8 yrs) • JFK from Massachusetts choose LBJ, a Texan • Smart move to get Southern votes • Televised • JFK showed up better during debates • JFK wins • Uses missile gap argument Election of 1960

5. New Frontier • Wants reform in education, health care, and civil rights • Lower tariffs (50%) and tax reduction • Most domestic policies blocked by Congress • Economic Reform • Stimulated economy thru govt spending on space • Multi-billion program for a man on the moon • Kept steel industry from raising inflationary prices • Not touch tax breaks for rich • No redistribution of wealth • Increase minimum wage to $1.25 JFK Domestic Policies 1969- under Nixon

6. Foreign Agenda • Alliance for Progress- $20 billion to help underdeveloped Latin Amer. countries • Peace Corp (1961) recruit American volunteers to give aid to developing countries (educators, technicians, health workers) • Renewed commitment to the Cold War and victory over the Soviet • Construction of nuclear arsenal (5x that of Eisenhower) • Flexible response • U.S choose among different plans to fight JFK Foreign Policies

7. Berlin Wall 1961 • Stop heavy population drain from East Germany to West Germany • Wall lasted until 1989 JFK and the Cold War

8. South Vietnam • Diem ruling since 1954 lacked public support • In 1961, JFK sends more troops • U.S. encourage a military coup • Ruling generals failed to direct effectively • Communist guerillas in the south, Viet Cong, gained control of more territory and earned the loyalty of an increasing number of South Vietnamese JFK and Cold War II

9. Bay of Pigs • CIA-backed scheme to spark an uprising by invading Cuba with anticommunist exiles • April 1961 – 1,200 exiles landed at Cuba’s Bay of Pigs • Trapped on the beach, 500 dead, they surrendered • JFK assumed full responsibility for the failure (ransom men) • Pushed the Cubans even further to the Soviets JFK and Castro

10. Cuban Missile Crisis • October 1962 –American spy planes discovered that the Soviets were secretly and speedily installing nuclear-tipped missiles in Cuba • JFK ordered a naval “quarantine” and demanded removal of weapons • On the verge of full-scale nuclear war, if Soviet ships challenge blockade • Soviets agreed to pull out missiles if U.S. ended the quarantine and not invade Cuba. • Results • Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1963 • Install Moscow-Washington hot line JFK and Castro II

11. JFK Assassination

12. LBJ in Action • Swiftly passed Kennedy’s civil rights and tax-cut bills • Some historians say that LBJ passed Civil Rights Acts to get blacks to stay Democrat not b/c he cared for blacks. (I mean supposedly he used the n word a lot!!) • Had a way with Congress • The “Johnson Treatment”

13. LBJ had the most liberal platform since Truman’s Fair Deal • Rise of Conservative Republicanism • Southerns starting to vote Republican • Goldwater seen as dangerous • Attack income tax • Attack Social Security • For extreme measures with nuclear war Election of 1964

14. Michael Harrington’s The Other America (1962) revealed • 20% of pop., and 40% of black pop., was below the poverty line • Took advantage of fact that Democrats control Congress • War On Poverty (1964) • Create Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO) with $1 billion budget • Sponsored programs like Head Start • Fought poverty like it was a social issue and not economic one by train ppl and not create jobs (differs from the New Deal) • This is why some believe it failed The Great Society

15. 2. Elementary and Secondary Education Act – aid to schools (1st large scale fed. aid) 3. Medicare and Medicaid • Medical insurance for most age 65 and older • Low cost health insurance for poor Americans 4. Two new cabinet dept. Dept of Transportation and Dept of Housing and Urban Development 5. Immigration and Nationality Act (1965) ended quota • Ralph Nader’s, Unsafe at Any Speed and Rachel Carson’s, Silent Spring • Regulate automobile industry • Clean air and water laws Great Society

16. Critics: • Created a welfare state (nationalized welfare state) • Unrealistic promises • It put too much authority in the hands of the government • Some say it was LBJ’s way of controlling the black community and keeping it in a state of dependency. Creating the sharecrop sys in the North • Also created a permanent underclass • Proponents: • Poverty was cut in half from the early 1960s to 1970s • Poor, disabled and elderly needs at least addressed • Infant mortality rates fell in minority communities Evaluating the Great Society

17. Johnson Doctrine • A domestic revolution ceases to be a local concern when the object was to establishment a communist dictatorship • Used to justify troops in D.R • Outer Space Treaty 1967 • Peaceful use of outer space • 6 Day War 1967 • Israel attacked by Egypt. • U.S backed Israel wins • Pueblo Seizure 1968 • 83 man crew ship captured by North Korea • Year later crew released after signing statement of guilt for spying Johnson Foreign Policy

18. Democrats • Robert Kennedy • Won CA primary, he was shot to death by an Arab immigrant resentful of the candidate’s pro-Israel views • V.P Hubert H. Humphrey – Was the heir apparent • Democratic Convention (Chicago) feared angry anti-war protestors • Republicans • Nixon • “Hawk” on the Vietnam War and strong anticrime policy • Independent Party • Wallace, former governor of Alabama • Nuclear war on Vietnam & repress blacks • “Segregation now, tomorrow and forever!” Election of 1968

19. In what ways did the Great Society resemble the New Deal in its origins, goals, and social and political legacy? Cite specific programs and policies in support of your arguments. • Directions:Part One: Mostly, somewhat or not resemble. (hint: really break this down b/c the question highlights “in its origins, goals and social and political legacy” Part Two: 1 pt of o.i to prove each of your pts (origin, goals, social and political legacy) APUSH BR