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Neural Communication

Neural Communication. The Nerve Impulse. Neural Communication. Otto Loewi. Nobel Prize in 1936 Forced to leave Germany in 1938 Became US citizen in 1941 Worked at Woods Hole Institute Name pronounced as “low”. Loewi’s Experiment. KW 5-2. The first known neurotransmitter. acetylcholine

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Neural Communication

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  1. Neural Communication

  2. The Nerve Impulse

  3. Neural Communication

  4. Otto Loewi • Nobel Prize in 1936 • Forced to leave Germany in 1938 • Became US citizen in 1941 • Worked at Woods Hole Institute • Name pronounced as “low”

  5. Loewi’s Experiment KW 5-2

  6. The first known neurotransmitter • acetylcholine • first neurotransmitter identified (by Otto Loewi, 1921) • Movement: causes muscles to contract • Memory: dies in Alzheimer’s disease

  7. Autonomic NT’s KW 5-17

  8. Ach Pathways KW 5-19

  9. Synapse structures KW 5-4

  10. Steps KW 5-5

  11. Step 1

  12. ACh Synthesis Acetylcholine Bonded to form

  13. Step 2

  14. Step 3

  15. Step 4

  16. Step 5

  17. Step 6

  18. Modifying Neural Messages • drug agonists - enhance potency of neurotransmitter • drug antagonists - reduce effectiveness

  19. Neurotransmitter molecule Receiving cell membrane Agonist mimics neurotransmitter Receptor site on receiving neuron Antagonist blocks neurotransmitter Agonist and Antagonists

  20. Pain Killers • Endorphins • natural opiates • natural key • Morphine • Opium poppy • Agonist • Naloxone • Antagonist

  21. Agonist and antagonist

  22. Step 7

  23. Reuptake and breakdown

  24. AChE

  25. Ach and AChE KW 5-11

  26. NT characteristics KW 5-9

  27. Monoamine Neurotransmitters • the catecholamines: • Dopamine • found at substantia nigra and limbic system • regulates emotion & movement • Norepinephrine • found in brain stem and subcortex • regulates emotion, reward, sleep, mood • Epinephrine • Found adrenal glands • may help regulate blood pressure

  28. Catecholamine synthesis KW 5-12

  29. Catecholamine Pathways KW 5-19

  30. Dopamine pathways Neural Communication

  31. Monoamine Neurotransmitters • Serotonin • found in raphe nuclei in brain stem • regulates temperature, sensory perception and sleep onset • LSD and antidepressants affect serotonin (antidepressants particularly affect serotonin reuptake)

  32. Serotonin

  33. Serotonin Pathways KW 5-19

  34. Neural Communication Serotonin pathways

  35. Drug Effects

  36. Classes of NT

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