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Gender and CCTs in South Asia Education

Gender and CCTs in South Asia Education . Nazmul Chaudhury Washington DC, October 3 2007. Bangladesh Female Secondary School Assistance Program (FSSAP):. Demand-Side Intervention to Increase Female Secondary School Enrollment

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Gender and CCTs in South Asia Education

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  1. Gender and CCTs in South Asia Education Nazmul Chaudhury Washington DC, October 3 2007

  2. Bangladesh Female Secondary School Assistance Program (FSSAP): • Demand-Side Intervention to Increase Female Secondary School Enrollment • Supply-Side Intervention to Increase the ‘Private’ Supply of Secondary Schools • (Tiny sum of) Cash is Deposited in Female Pupil’s Account Conditional upon her: • Regular Attendance, Passing Grade, Remaining Unmarried till 18/Completion

  3. What was the Impact of FSSAP? • No Baseline nor Randomized phasing of program implementation, so establishing causality is difficult, but it was ‘correlated’ with: • A rapid increase in share of female enrollment (from 33% to 53% in less than a decade)

  4. Dramatic Supply-Side Response • ‘Feminization’ of Madrasa High Schools • Registration • Introduction of Modern Curriculum • Coed Education • ‘Socialization’ Impact of Madrasa Schooling

  5. Concerns about FSSAP … • Unintended Consequences • Did it adversely effect Male Enrollment? • What about Quality? • Did the rapid enrollment/supply response lower overall school quality? • What was the motive of supply providers? • Altruism? • A way of doling out jobs?

  6. Next Steps for the New Version … • Systematic Tracking and Improvement in Quality • Continuing Governance Reforms • Poverty Targeting to include both Poor Girls and Boys

  7. Demonstration effect of FSSAP in SA … • Punjab (Pakistan) Female Secondary School Stipend Component of the Education Sector Reform Program • 15 low-literacy districts • Only Public Secondary Schools • 9% increase in female enrollment • Sind (Pakistan) Female Stipends • Very, very difficult situation …

  8. General Issues to Think About … • How large to make the cash transfer ? • $ 0.3 per month in Bangladesh • $3 per month in Punjab • How to address Supply-side Constraints? • How to Target Poor? Boys as well ? • How to influence non-education outcomes as well?

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