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Intermolecular Forces and Compound Bonding

Understand how ionic and covalently bonded compounds are held together through intermolecular forces, including Van der Waals forces and dipole-dipole forces. Explore the concept of hydrogen bonding and its impact on compound properties.

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Intermolecular Forces and Compound Bonding

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  1. Intermolecular forces

  2. How are ionic compounds held together? Each ion is strongly attracted to the other ions in the crystal lattice because of alternating positive and negative charges

  3. How are covalently bonded compounds (molecular compounds) held together?

  4. Molecular compounds The molecules are held together by Intermolecular forces

  5. What does “inter” mean? Interstate highway: a highway between 2 different states Interscholastic sports: sports competition between 2 different schools International treaty: an agreement between 2 different nations

  6. What does intermolecular forces mean? Forces of attraction between 2 different molecules Molecule # 1 Molecule # 2

  7. This is different than the BOND that hold the atoms in each individual molecule Atom # 1 Bond Atom # 2

  8. If the force of attraction between two molecules is strong, the molecules will tend to “stick” together

  9. If the force of attraction between two molecules is weak, the molecules willtend to “drift” apart

  10. Weak Intermolecular Forces The weakest intermolecular force is called Van Der Waals Forces Non Polar molecules (diatomic elements) are held together by these weak forces

  11. Weak Intermolecular Forces The weakest intermolecular force is called Van Der Waals Forces Most compounds held together by Van Der Waals forces are gases at room temperature: O2, N2 , H2 , F2 etc

  12. Strong Intermolecular Forces A strong intermolecular force is called Dipole-dipole Force Polar molecules are held together by dipole –dipole forces

  13. A strong intermolecular force is called Dipole-dipole Force Strong Intermolecular Forces + - + - The molecules “stick” together like magnets + - + - + -

  14. Molecules held together by dipole-dipole forceshave higher melting and boiling points + - + - + - + - + -

  15. HCl is a liquid at room temperature

  16. The strongest intermolecular force …..unfortunately has a very misleading name: Hydrogen Bonding It is NOT an ionic, covalent, or metallic BOND

  17. Hydrogen Bonding Is the attraction between a Hydrogen atom in one molecule, and an Oxygen, Nitrogen, or Fluorine atom in another molecule N O F H

  18. Forming a hydrogen bond

  19. Hydrogen bonding gives water its unusually high boiling point for such a small molecule

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