DISSENT

1. DISSENT To what extent should we obey the authority of our governments? ADAPTED FROM MS WILLIAMS

2. DEFINITIONS • Dissent: to differ in opinion, to disagree • What liberal rights allow for us to express dissent? • Civil Disobedience: refusing to follow certain laws to influence government policy Includes the use of non-violent actions like boycotting, picketing and not follow laws like paying taxes or registration

3. STOP AND WRITE THREE KEY POINTS – ARE THESE ACTIONS JUSTIFIED? How does this relate to liberalism?

4. WOMEN’S RIGHTS MOVEMENTS • The evolution of women’s rights extended over a century • Actions of dissent • Letter writing campaigns, legal protests, using the courts (Person’s Case) • Some actions of civil disobedience • Illegal protests/parades, boycotts, property destruction, filling jails, Emily Wilding Davidson

5. STOP AND WRITE THREE KEY POINTS – ARE THESE ACTIONS JUSTIFIED? How does this relate to liberalism?

7. JIM CROW LAWS • Named after a caricature of African Americans. • After the Civil War, Southern States enacted laws that mandated “separate but equal” status for black Americans. • The most important laws required that public schools, public places and public transportation have separate buildings, toilets, and restaurants for whites and blacks.

8. 1955, Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Alabama and is arrested. • Inspires black leaders to mount a one-day bus boycott. A main speaker is a new minister in town, 26-year-old Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. • The boycott lasts until December 1956. The bus company suffers economically; violence erupts; bombs are thrown at organizers' homes; and the white Citizens Council and the Ku Klux Klan hold rallies. • At last, a Supreme Court decision integrates the buses, and soon thousands of black riders are on the buses again -- sitting where they please.

10. 1954 LEGAL DECISION BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION, THE SUPREME COURT DECLARED SEGREGATED CLASSROOMS WERE ILLEGAL. WHEN DESEGREGATION BEGAN, MANY BLACK STUDENTS FOUND MOBS PROTESTING OUTSIDE THEIR INTEGRATED SCHOOLS, AND OTHER SCHOOLS CHOSE TO CLOSE RATHER THAN INTEGRATE. • The Little Rock Nine were a group of courageous black students who integrated the Arkansas capital city's Central High School in September 1957. Initially thwarted by violent white mobs and National Guard troops who refused to help, the students eventually entered school after President Dwight Eisenhower ordered paratroopers to protect them. • Little Rock Nine - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSdLPNQSa4k&feature=related

11. THE BLACK PANTHERS • Like Malcolm X, the Panthers did not discourage the use of force in self-defense, and they often resorted to violence. • Critics tended to ignore their many non-controversial activities, including running medical clinics and free breakfast programs for the poor. • Branded "America's greatest threat" they found themselves under assault by the FBI and police. • Tensions culminated in a December 4, 1969, raid that left Chicago Panthers leader Fred Hampton and a colleague dead.

13. By 1964 a Civil Rights Act was passed which achieved many of the aims of the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which had been quickly overturned. The 1964 law barred discrimination based on race, color, religion or national origin in public facilities such as restuarants or hotels. Later laws were passed to legislate fair election practices.

14. STOP AND WRITE THREE KEY POINTS – ARE THESE ACTIONS JUSTIFIED? How does this relate to liberalism?

15. ABORIGINAL PROTESTS IN CANADA • Issue of land claims • Specific and Comprehensive Claims • Lubicon • Nisga’a • Violent Protests • In each of these cases, land claims disputes erupted into violence • Oka (1990) – golf course • Ipperwash (1995) – land taken during war never returned • Caledonia (2006) – granting building permits before land claims have been settled

17. STOP AND WRITE THREE KEY POINTS – ARE THESE ACTIONS JUSTIFIED? How does this relate to liberalism?

18. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTESTS • Eco-terrorism • Tree spiking • Burning down recreation areas/resorts • Shooting at fishermen (especially whaling) • Greenpeace • Rainbow Warrior • PETA • Anti-fur campaigns • Baby-seal hunt protests

19. STOP AND WRITE THREE KEY POINTS – ARE THESE ACTIONS JUSTIFIED? How does this relate to liberalism?

20. ANTI-WAR PROTESTS • Vietnam (1960s) • Hippies • Kent State https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=osnJX89xF5I • Iraq (2000s) • Dixie Chicks, France And Canada’s refusal

21. STOP AND WRITE THREE KEY POINTS – ARE THESE ACTIONS JUSTIFIED? How does this relate to liberalism?

22. DISSENT IN THE US TODAY • Tea Party – created in 2009 to protest the increasing amount of spending and intervention of the federal government • Minutemen – named after militiamen in the US Revolutionary war, they patrol the border to prevent illegal immigration from Mexico • Militias – various groups united in their beliefs of the federal government's threat to their freedom, especially the 2nd amendment • Antifa – group that tends to oppose Fascism (and to a point, capitalism) using Direct, violent action.

23. OTHER EXAMPLES • Thailand • Red Shirts vs Yellow Shirts • Ukraine • Orange Revolution • Tunisia/Egypt • Willing to die for revolution • WTO/G8 Summits • Started in Seattle • Using violence to draw attention to the issues

24. STOP AND WRITE THREE KEY POINTS Then compare your notes with your classmates to see if there is anything you should add. When you are done, hand in your notes for your teacher to review