Abu Bakr Al- Siddiqi

1. AbuBakrAl-Siddiqi By: Hiba Masfaka, Aqsa Kanwal, Kinzah Fatima, Muhammad Khan, Zafir Kabbani, and Amir Hijawi

2. People Abu Bakr: • First Caliph to rule in the Islamic Empire • Best missionary in Islam after the Prophet (SAW) • He was Caliph for 2 years • Expanded the least amount of Islam • Umar: • One of the wealthiest and bravest Sahaba at the time • 2nd Caliph to rule over the Islamic Empire • Conquered Jerusalem and Damascus • Accomplishment • Ali bin Talib: • Cousin and son in law of the Prophet (SAW) • Caliph for 5 years • Respected by Sunni’s and Shia’s • Last Caliph to rule in the Islamic Empire

3. Timeline 625 The Battle of Uhud took place. 570-571 Prophet Muhammad was born. 630 The Conquest of Makkah took place. 632 Abu Bakr becomes Caliph. 634 Omar becomes Caliph. 644 Othman becomes Caliph. 656 Ali becomes Caliph. 573 Abu Bakr was born. 632 Prophet Muhammad died. 634 Abu Bakr died. 630 The Battle of Tabuk took place. 629 The Battle of Khaybartook place.

4. Events • 632 Abu Bakr as a caliph: • - He was chosen as the prophet’s successor. • - Chosen by Ansars and Quraish. • Prophets Muhammad's death: • - He was extremely ill. • -He was still beautiful even at his last days. • Sickness before death: • - He was awfully ill before death. • - He felt very tired.

5. Geography Islam expanded all over Europe and Asia • Saudi Arabia • Iran • Iraq • Libya All of the Caliphs had spread Islam in some way. The Caliphs spread Islam north, south, east, and west. • Egypt • Pakistan • Turkey • Afghanistan

6. Artifacts Islamic Calligraphy was very famous. All Caliphs wore turbans. The Companions would fight with swords.

7. Fun Facts • First male to convert. • Prophets best friend. • Died same age as the Prophet. • Accompanied the prophet (s) during his migration. • Daughter married to Prophet. • Abu Bakr was the Muslim leader after the prophet. • First to compile the Quran in one book.

8. Quotes • “ Have an earnestness for death and you will have life.”-Abu Bakr • “ He who aspires to paradise should learn to deal with people with kindness.”-Abu Bakr • “ Do not look down upon any Muslim, for even the most inferior believer is great in the eyes of god.”-Abu Bakr • “ Be good to others, that will protect you against evil.”-Abu Bakr

9. Al-Jazari By: Aqsa Kanwal, Muhammad Khan, and Amir Hijawi

10. Background He was a: • Scholar • Inventor • Mechanical engineer • Craftsman • Artist • Mathematician • Astronomer • Writer • From Al-Jazira, Mesopotamia • Best known for his book Real name: al-ShaykhRa'is al-A`malBadi`al-Zaman Abu al-'IzzibnIsma`il ibn al-Razzaz al-Jazari

11. Inventions: • Clocks • Camshaft • Crankshaft and crank-slider mechanism • Saqiya chain pumps • Water supply system • Drink serving waitress • Musical robot band • Peacock fountain with automated servant • Hand washing automaton with flush mechanism Crankshaft and crank-slider mechanism Castle clocks

12. Elephant Clock CULTURAL REALATIONS: • Indian Elephant • Chinese serpents • Arabian architecture • Greek water technology Height: • 8.5 meters high

13. How does the elephant clock work? http://muxlim.com/videos/1001Inventions/the-elephant-clock-by-al-jazari/

14. ComparingClocks No need for people to keep track of the clock! These clocks are automatically timed!

15. Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices • Document about devices & tools. • Written in 1206. • Described many mechanical devices.

16. Artifacts Saqiya Chain Pumps Elephant Clock Castle Clock

17. Ibn Al- Haythem By: Hiba Masfaka, Kinzah Fatima, Zafir Kabbani

18. Background • Born: 965 CE Basra, Iraq • Died: 1040 CE Cairo, Egypt • Residence: - Basra, Iraq -Cairo, Egypt • Jobs: - Physicist - Mathematician - Astronomer Full Name: Abu Ali Al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haythem

19. The Obscura • Optical device • Pin hole camera • Reflection in mirror Do you want to learn how to make an Obscura? http://licm.org.uk/livingImage/CameraObscura.html

20. Comparison Obscura 2011 Camera

21. Accomplishment • (Kitab Al-Manazir) • seven-volume treatise • Optics, physics, mathematics, anatomy, and psychology

22. The Book Of Optics • Talks about the vision and studies of the eye • Written in 1011 -1021 • Important influence on the developments of optics • “Pioneer of the modern scientific method” and “The founder of  experimental physics”

23. Artifacts How the obscura works “The Book Of Optics” Two pages of the book

24. Bibliography Abu Bakr: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr http://www.sunnah.org/publication/khulafa_rashideen/caliph1.htm http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/a/abu_bakr.html AL Jazari: http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=848 http://www.history-science-technology.com/Articles/articles%206.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Jazari Ibn Al Haythem: http://www.ibnalhaytham.net/ http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Haytham.html http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0824826.html

25. Credits • Abu Bakr Big Books: Hiba Masfaka, Aqsa Kanwal, Kinzah Fatima, Zafir Kabbani, Muhammad Khan, and Amir Hijawi • Abu Bakr Power Point: Hiba Masfaka and Aqsa Kanwal • Al Jazari Power Point: Aqsa Kanwal, Muhammad Khan, and Amir Hijawi • Ibn Al Haythem Power Point: Hiba Masfaka, Kinzah Fatima, and Zafir Kabbani • Power Point Animations: Hiba Masfaka, and Kinzah Fatima • Banners: Kinzah Fatima, Hiba Masfaka, Aqsa Kanwal, Zafir Kabbani, Muhammad Khan, and Amir Hijawi • Al Jazari Poster: Aqsa Kanwal, Muhammad Khan, and Amir Hijawi • Ibn Al Haythem Poster: Hiba Masfaka, Kinzah Fatima, and Zafir Kabbani • Abu Bakr Artifacts: Aqsa Kanwal and Hiba Masfaka • Al Jazari Artifacts: Aqsa Kanwal, Muhammad Khan, and Amir Hijawi • Ibn Al Haythem Artifacts: Hiba Masfaka, Kinzah Fatima, and Zafir Kabbani • Pictures: Hiba Masfaka, Kinzah Fatima, and Zafir Kabbani We Hope You Enjoyed Our Presentation