Europe Goes to Africa…this time it was for land – (colonization)

1. Europe Goes to Africa…this time it was for land – (colonization) Everyone wanted a piece of Africa

2. European Colonization • 1st slave traders in Africa were from Portugal. • Slavery ended around the 1880’s…but Europeans wanted something else from Africa…LAND, RESOURCES, MONEY & POWER! • This sparked something called COLONIZATION: the forced control of one nation by another nation. • 19th Century (late 1800s) Europeans went to Africa to colonize & use their resources --(took over their land and used it for their own purposes to get rich) • Europeans built empires in Africa from the natural resources found there.

3. Berlin Conference • 1884-1885 European Nations met to decide on how they wanted to DIVIDE up Africa for themselves! • In the late 19th & early 20th centuries, European powers raced to colonize the African continent... • This would become known all around the world as the SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA!

4. SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA! Scramble for Africa- when European nations raced(scrambled) to take their piece of African land and colonize it. • Countries like Great Britain, Belgium & France were the first to set up African colonies • Great Britain controlled much of West Africa, known as the “Gold Coast.” • European powers quickly took over most of the African continent. Europeans left the African people weak & helpless….once again.

6. African Independence Movements • Only 2 countries in Africa were never colonized by European powers (Ethiopia & Liberia) WHY?????

7. African’s were Sick & Tired of Europeans Ruling Over Them.. INDEPENDENCE • Europeans ruled Africa for several decades • Many African’s hated this • Feelings of NATIONALISM (pride toward your country) started to take over • Nationalist movements got African’s excited about taking their land back = African Nationalist Movements fought for independence! • Some movements were peaceful, while many were violent

8. Independence Continued.. • Europeans did not want to leave because they were making lots of $$$ • Ghana was the first nation to gain their independence from Great Britain (it was formerly known as the Gold Coast where the Ashanti lived). • During the 1950s & 1960s most African countries experienced political independence. • Political instability still today as a result of government corruption, civil wars, poverty and revolutions, all of which followed independence.

9. NEGATIVE Results of Colonization • Independence in Africa did not come easy • Some major results: Negative: 1. Africans werenot capable of making their own government decisions 2. Europeans forced Africans off their own land 3. Europeans used Africa’s natural resources to make themselves rich 4. Africans’ rights were taken away from them & they were treated as second-class citizens 5.Ledto civil war, disease, poverty & lack of economic development because Africans did not know how to function on their own & artificial boundaries were created!

10. Positive Results of ColonizationNew ideas were brought to Africa from Europe:1. technology2. religions3. languages4. culturesCan you think of anything else???

11. Pan-African Movement • Stressed that all black Africans must see themselves as one people, in order to gain independence & overcome the effects of European colonization. • Pan African Movement helped many African nations gain their independence and united the African Continent for a better life, economy, & government...to develop a united political identity.

12. On a sheet of paper, draw a line down the middle of it. Label the top LEFT side of your paper Negative and label the top RIGHT side Positive. With the person sitting next to you discuss (and list on your paper) how you could make a case for why it was a good (positive) thing that Africa was colonized and on the negative side do the same….describe why it was such a bad thing that Africa was colonized and some consequences that African’s faced then and even still today!! ...good arguments for both sides!