What Can a Skeleton Tell You

3. What Can a Skeleton Tell You • Aging • Sexing • Population Affinity • Diet • Pathology • Trauma

4. Determining Age of Infant Prior to Birth Click HERE for the full size imageOriginal image from http://www.boneclones.com.  Used with permission.

5. Try it Out Aged 31 weeks, 32 weeks, and 40 weeks (full term)

6. What about this one?

7. Bear Claw vs. Human Hand

8. Like Fingerprints… just can’t be seen until antemortem

9. When you don’t floss

10. Aging Peruvian Female, 100 BCEOriginal image from http://www.boneclones.com.  Used with permission

11. Arthritis Arthritic on the Left, and Normal on the RightOriginal image from http://www.boneclones.com.  Used with permission.

12. Arthritis Top Normal Bottom

13. Which One Has Arthritis

14. Osteoarthritis Top: a vertebra fused with the sacrumBottom: the manubrium (top of the sternum)fused with the clavicle (shown cut here)Original image from http://www.boneclones.com.  Used with permission.

15. Vertebrate

16. Youth

17. Adult

18. Healing After Brain Surgery? Bolivian Female,Brain Surgery Survivor, 800 AD Peruvian Male, Bound Skull & Brain Surgery Survivor,7000 BCE

19. Trephination Cont View of wound in skull after trephination and removal of shattered bone, shown at bottom left. From Charles Bell, The Great Operations of Surgery, London, 1821. Etching by Thomas Landseer, after Bell. Inca skull after Trephination.  The lack of bone growth after the surgery indicates that the treatment was likely worse than the disease

20. Defects as Indicators Sternal Defect Scoliosis

21. Cradleboarding A prematurely fused sagittal suture, forcing the skull to elongate to allow for the expanding brain during growth

22. Surgical Techniques

23. Amputation

24. Perimortem Note the sharp edges of the cuts above.

25. Perimortem

27. Machete Wounds, African Male

28. Broad Axe Trauma,Male Spanish Conquistador, 1680 ADOriginal image from http://www.boneclones.com.  Used with permission.

29. Male Roman Gladiator,with Blunt Force TraumaNOTE: Above eyes and on either side of the nose.Original image from http://www.boneclones.com.

30. Hammer Wounds

31. Shotgun pellets

32. .410 Caliber

33. Large Caliber GSW

34. Rib started to growaround the .22 caliber bullet.  That's antemoretem

35. Racial Characteristics – SexSet 1

37. Set 2

39. Set 3

40. 4

41. 5

42. 6

43. 7

44. QUESTIONS: • 1. What are two ways, other than size, to determine whether a skeleton is from a teenager or an adult? • 2. How can you tell whether an injury occurred perimortem (around the time of death) or antemortem (well before the time of death)? • 3. What are 5 things that you can determine about an individual adult from that person's intact skull?

45. RACE • The arch of the maxilla can be found in three basic shapes: hyperbolic, parabolic, and rounded.  Each of the the following three races have their own shape: (1) African = hyperbolic, (2) European = parabolic, and (3) Asian = rounded.

46.  -These two categories are: (1) shovel-shaped, and • (2) spatulate, or spatula-shaped.  • -As there is more than one race with spatulate incisors, other indicators are necessary to positively identify race, although this single feature can be used to eliminate one of the possibilities.  • -Each of the the following three races have their own shape: • African = spatulate • European = spatulate • Asian = shovel-shaped.

48. African ancestry, the nasal opening is more flared.  Another example is that of the zygomatic arch (or cheek bone), which is angled more forward in people of Asian ancestry, thus giving the person a slightly more flattened face..

49. Gender- Pelvis

50. Try it out