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States of Matter

States of Matter. There are Four States of Matter. Solid Liquid Gas Plasma. Solids. Particles are very close together Have orderly, fixed arrangements Fixed volumes due to fixed positions Particles can only vibrate in position. Liquids.

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States of Matter

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  1. States of Matter

  2. There are Four States of Matter • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma

  3. Solids • Particles are very close together • Have orderly, fixed arrangements • Fixed volumes due to fixed positions • Particles can only vibrate in position

  4. Liquids • More random arrangement of particles than solids. • Particles are loosely held together by attractiveforces between particles, but can move past one another. • Result: Liquids can flow into any shape, but have a definite volume

  5. Attractive forces between liquid particles may result in: • Cohesion • Attraction for each other • Adhesion • Attraction to other materials • Capillary Action • Ability to “climb” due to cohesion and adhesion • Surface Tension • Force that act on the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface

  6. Gas • Essentially independent particles. • Large space between particles result in little to no attraction between particles. • Result: Gases can flow into any shape, and have nodefinite volume

  7. Plasma • Supercritical fluid • Occurs at very high temperatures and very high pressures • Has properties of both the liquid phase and the gas phase

  8. Changing States Condensation Deposition Sublimation Evaporation Melting Freezing

  9. Chemical Changes verses Physical Changes

  10. Physical Changes • A change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties • A  A • Does the chemical nature of the substance change? • No • Examples: phase changes, making solutions

  11. Chemical Changes • A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties • A + B  C (reactants go to products) • Does the chemical nature of the substance change? • Yes • Example: Electrolysis of hydrogen and oxygen gases to make water

  12. Release or Absorption of Energy An Unexpected Color Change Formation of a Precipitate (solid) Formation of a gas

  13. Chemical or Physical • Frying an egg - Chemical • Boiling Water - Physical • Sanding a wooden plank - Physical • Digesting food - Chemical • Popping a balloon - Physical

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