by Jason Perry Supervisor: Dr. Adel M. Sharaf

1. Electrostatic/Electromagnetic Bio-Filter for Airborne Contaminant Disinfection – (BIOKill Model)Based on initial concept & design by Dr. Adel M. Sharaf by Jason Perry Supervisor: Dr. Adel M. Sharaf

2. Summary • Background • Methodology • Electrostatic Triggering Component • Electromagnetic Excitation Component • Work Completed • Conclusions • Recommendations November 25, 2004 Slide 1/18

3. Background • Reasons for This Project • growing concern for indoor air quality (e.g. mold, smoke, dust mites, spores, bacteria) • allergies, asthma, other respiratory problems • air-borne disease control • threat of biological terrorism, (e.g. Anthrax, Other Air-borne viruses) November 25, 2004 Slide 2/18

4. Background • Goal of the Project • Design and construct a bio-filter using the combined orthogonal electromagnetic and electrostatic principles developed by Dr. Adel M. Sharaf similar to his Portable Water Germicidal Unit. (Patent Pending) November 25, 2004 Slide 3/18

5. Background HPAC Engineering , January 2002 (http://www.arche.psu.edu/iec/abe/pubs/foam.pdf) November 25, 2004 Slide 4/18

6. Methodology • Electrostatic Component • Process commonly referred to as “Electrostatic Precipitation”, “Electronic Air Cleaning”, or “High Voltage Polarization” • 2-stage process; air charging stage and air collection stage • Effective in filtering particles from .01 to 10 microns • Process consumes relatively low power November 25, 2004 Slide 5/18

7. Methodology November 25, 2004 Slide 6/18

8. Methodology • Airborne molecules collide with negative ions November 25, 2004 Slide 6/18

9. Methodology • Airborne molecules acquire a negative net charge and collect on the positively charged plate November 25, 2004 Slide 6/18

10. Methodology • Electromagnetic Component • FDA study in the year 2000 demonstrated that many microorganisms could be destroyed by an Oscillating or Pulsed Magnetic Field. • Depends on ripple frequency, magnetic field strength, and number of pulses. (f, B, # pulses) • Pulsed magnetic fields will be generated using low cost electromagnetic coils. • The coils will be pulsed with two voltage controlled oscillators (CD4046 pll) with a triangle wave input to generate two frequency ranges (f = 1 Hz to 10kHz and f = 10kHz to 25kHz) November 25, 2004 Slide 7/18

11. Methodology Bv (uTeslas) • Leading theory states that a PMF can loosen the covalent bonds between ions and proteins in microorganisms. • Ions move in a circular path when entering a perpendicular magnetic field. • The motion causes the protein molecules and ions to oscillate and eventually break the covalent bonds that bind them. Charged particle - Bh (uTeslas) E (kV/m) EM/EM/ES principle(Dr. A. M. Sharaf) November 25, 2004 Slide 8/18

12. Work Completed Initial Design (DESIGNED BY DR. ADELM. SHARAF) November 25, 2004 Slide 9/18

13. Work Completed Coils and plates assembly Fan Housing Fan Intake November 25, 2004 Slide 10/18

14. Work Completed 7.5KV High Voltage Transformer Negative Ion Generator 5V, +-12V Regulated Power Supply November 25, 2004 Slide 11/18

15. Work Completed Electrostatic Plates (# depends on room size) Electromagnetic Coils (# depends on room size) November 25, 2004 Slide 12/18

16. Work Completed CD4046 #1 Low Freq. Stage Variable Voltage Reference CD4046 #2 High Freq. Stage Block Diagram of Coil pulsing circuit with Two Stage Variable Excitation November 25, 2004 Slide 13/18

17. Work Completed Coils can be connected in Series or Parallel Circuit diagram of Coil Pulsing Circuit November 25, 2004 Slide 14/18

18. Work Completed Two N-channel Power Mosfets TL074 Quad Op-amp configured as triangle wave oscillator Two CD4046 Phase Locked Loops used as V/F converters November 25, 2004 Slide 15/18

19. Conclusions • A working prototype of the biofilter was roughly constructed. • A visible amount of dust was found on the plates after being left on for a duration of time. • Dr. Adel M. Sharaf plans to have testing conducted later (possibly at a RPC testing facility sponsored by the NB Innovation Fund or an ACOA grant.) to test if the biofilter is effective in killing airborne microbes. November 25, 2004 Slide 16/18

20. Recommendations for Future Work • A higher rated current supply should be installed to power the coils. • Increase the current through coils and lower the generated heat (i.e. increase wire gauge size) • Add other microbe killing mechanisms. (e.g. 100nm – 280nm Bandwidth UV lamps, Ultrasonic generators) November 25, 2004 Slide 17/18

21. Acknowledgements • Dr. Adel M. Sharaf (Basic Design, EM/EM/ES Germicidal Concept) • Stanley Bowser (of the Tech Shop for help with selecting the electronic components) November 25, 2004 Slide 18/18

22. References 1.)    Hofmann, G.A. 1985. Deactivation of microorganisms by an oscillating magnetic field. U.S. Patent 4,524,079. 2.)    Moore, R.L. 1979. Biological effects of magnetic fields. Studies with microorganisms. Can. J. Microbiol., 25:1145-1151. 3.)    Kinetics of Microbial Inactivation for Alternative Food Processing Technologies . U. S. Food and Drug Administration. Available: URL http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/ift-omf.html. Last accessed 10 February 2004 4.)    Gary Wade and Rifetech. (1998). EXCITING POSSIBILITIES IN PULSED INTENSE MAGNETIC FIELD THERAPY. Rife Healing Energy. Available: URL http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/ift-omf.html. Last accessed 10 February 2004. 5.)    Aerobiological Engineering: Electrostatic Precipitation. The Pennsylvania State University Aerobiological Engineering. Available: URL http://www.arche.psu.edu/iec/abe/electro.html. Last accessed 10 February 2004. 6.)    What is an Ionizer. What is an Ionizer. Available: URL http://www.ionizer.com.my/What_is_ionizer.htm. Last accessed 10 February 2004.

23. QUESTIONS ??