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Physics Chapter 2 Notes

Physics Chapter 2 Notes . Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration. Displacement. The distance in a straight line in a certain direction from the starting point Eg Lily walked 1km to the North, then 2km to the East followed by 1km to the south. a. what is her total walking distance?

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Physics Chapter 2 Notes

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  1. Physics Chapter 2 Notes Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

  2. Displacement • The distance in a straight line in a certain direction from the starting point • Eg Lily walked 1km to the North, then 2km to the East followed by 1km to the south. • a. what is her total walking distance? • b. what is her final displacement? • Answers: • a. 1 + 2 + 1 = 4km • b. 2m due east from starting point

  3. Speed and Velocity • Scalar: has only magnitude and no direction • Speed isdistance travelled by a body per unit time • Vector: has both magnitude and direction • Velocity is distance travelled per unit time in a stated direction • Units: ms-1 or kmh-1 • Average speed is NOT the constant speed • Instantaneous speed: the speed at any instant • Use speedometer to find instantaneous speed • Can be found by finding the gradient of the tangent to the displacement-time graph, at that point in time

  4. Speed measurement using ticker-tape timer

  5. Acceleration • Defined as the rate of change of velocity with time • Units: ms-2 or kmh-2 • If velocity is constant, acceleration= 0 • If velocity decreasing  negative acceleration/deceleration • The gradient of a velocity-time graph of a moving object gives the acceleration of the object at a given time

  6. Acceleration of bodies falling near to earth • An object falling near to Earth, where the air resistance is negligible, has a velocity-time graph that is s straight line. It falls with a constant acceleration • The only force acting on the object experiencing free fall is the force of gravity • Acceleration = 10ms-2

  7. Acceleration-time graphs Decreasing acceleration Decreasing speed Constant speed

  8. Velocity-time graphs Constant speed Constant speed Zero acceleration Constant acceleration Increasing acceleration

  9. Distance-time graph

  10. Area under velocity-time graph • Area under velocity-time graph is the distance

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