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Types of Societies

Types of Societies. Chapter 4.3. Group:. A set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and identity Societies: largest and most complex. Subsistence strategies. The way society uses technology to meet the needs of members. Preindustrial Society.

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Types of Societies

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  1. Types of Societies Chapter 4.3

  2. Group: • A set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and identity • Societies: largest and most complex

  3. Subsistence strategies • The way society uses technology to meet the needs of members

  4. Preindustrial Society • The main source of economic activity is FOOD PRODUCTION. • Preindustrial societies are divided into their method of producing food: • Hunting and Gathering • Pastoral Societies • Horticultural Societies • Agricultural Societies

  5. Hunting and Gathering Society • The main form of food production consists of the collection of wild plants and hunting of wild animals.

  6. Hunting Gathering Societies • Hunting and gathering societies consists of fewer than 60 people and rarely exceed 100. They are called “bands.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqNgB2Fg1rY Dawn of Social Networks http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=It-pHyDrkTM&list=LPRP5IZd1rooQ&feature=plcp

  7. Pastoral Societies • Rather than searching for food on a daily basis, members in a pastoral society rely on domesticated herd animals to meet their food needs.

  8. Pastoral Societies • Division of labor- Because there are food surpluses, individuals within the group become specialized at specific economic tasks. EX- craft workers, producing tools, weapons, jewelry… These types of societies still exist, but are facing change: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWelr7E3jNI

  9. Horticultural Societies • Main source of food is fruits and vegetables grown in garden plots that have been cleared from the jungle or forest.

  10. Horticultural Societies • Slash and burn method to raise crops: wild vegetation is cut and burned and the ash is used as fertilizer. Clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lvwg56IbWpY

  11. Agricultural Societies • Animals are used to pull plows and till fields.

  12. Agricultural Societies • Technology allows agriculturalists to plant more crops than is possible than when only human labor is used. • Higher crop yields = large populations • Sharp divisions in status – landowners (wealth and power) and peasants (workers). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTB2p2IwB10

  13. Industrial Societies • Emphasis shifts from production of food to manufactured goods. • Technology and the use of machines takes place of the farm laborer and those people work in production of goods.

  14. Industrial Society • Industrial Society leads to urbanization – concentration of the population in cities. • In preindustrial society the family is the primary social institution, which provides production and education. • In industrial society production and education take place outside the family. The need for literacy in industrialized society leads to compulsory education.

  15. Industrialization Continued • One positive effect of industrialization is it brings freedom to compete for social position. (In preindustrial societies social statuses are ascribed). • Statuses in industrial society becomes achieved.

  16. Postindustrial Societies • Economy is based on providing information and services. • US 73% involved in providing goods and services, 2% involved in agriculture, 25% in the production of goods.

  17. Changes from industrial to postindustrial societies • Postindustrial society emphasis on the roles of science and education. • Standard of living and quality of life improve as wages increase. • Search for personal fulfillment takes on added importance.

  18. Mechanical and Organic Solidarity Durkheim • Preindustrial societies are held together by mechanical solidarity, people share the same values and perform the same tasks, they become united in a common whole. • As the division of labor become more complex mechanic solidarity gives way to organic solidarity (refers to impersonal social relationships that rises from increased job specialization). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VwoihGP_i8

  19. Gemeinschaft (Tonnies) • German word meaning “community” • Society where most members know one another. • Activities center on family and community. • Examples: Preindustrial society or a rural small town or village.

  20. Gesellschaft (Tonnies) • Refers to society in which most social relationships are based on NEED rather than emotion. • Relationships are impersonal and often temporary. • Individual’s goals are more important than the group’s. • Modern urban society.

  21. Inside the Amish Church • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wg81VwdRAVA&feature=related

  22. The Outsider • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmYmJNsaT-E Part 1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVUQlR7EMMc Part 2 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qihiKszP53Y Part 3

  23. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Vp5dls7p3c&feature=related The outsiders #6 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRbrdL9n3GM&feature=related

  24. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PcmESjcmrzM&feature=related Amish World's Squarest Teenagers part 1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=_NbR36AnpX0&NR=1 Part 12

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