Female Repro Anatomy

1. Female Repro Anatomy Chapter 2 Figure 2-8

2. Figure 2-8 Not Available on WWW

3. Ovary • Hormones Produced • Estrogen - steroid • Progesterone - steroid • Oxytocin - polypeptide • Relaxin - polypeptide • Inhibin - polypeptide • Activin - polypeptide

4. Ovary • Structure • Tunica albuginea • Ovarian Cortex - houses oocytes, except horse, CL & CA (Fig 2-10) • Ovarian Medulla - central part houses vasculature, nerves & lymphatic vessels

5. Ovary in Mare • Ovarian medulla & cortex are reversed • Ovulation fossa - all ovulations occur in same spot • Follicles can be palpated via rectal palpation but CL can’t be palpated. CL penetrates into the ovarian tissue.

6. Ovary • Techniques for evaluation of follicular status • Rectal Palpation • Ultrasonic

7. Ovary • Primordial follicles • Microscopic • Most immature & smallest • Surrounded by a single layer of flattened cells (Fig 2-8)

8. Ovary • Primary follicles • Oocyte surrounded by single layer of cuboidal epithelium or follicular cells • Born with lifetime supply of primordial & primary follicles

9. Ovary • Secondary follicle • Microscopic • Two or more layers of follicular cells • No antrum or cavity • Oocyte characterized as being surrounded by zona pellucida (thick & translucent)

10. Ovary • Antral follicle • Has fluid filled cavity • Tertiary follicle • Graafian follicle - large dominat follicle • Follicular fluid within antrum • 1mm to several cm

11. Antral Follicles • 3 Layers • Theca externa - loose connective tissues • Theca interna - responsible for production of androgens under influence of LH • Granulosal cell layer - responsible for many products (estrogen, inhibin, & follicular fluid), possess receptors for FSH & govern maturation of oocyte • Thin basement membrane seperates TI & G

12. After Ovulation • Ovulation involves thinning of tissue layers and changes in follicular fluid pressure • Triggered by large increase in blood [LH] • Blood vessels rupture & blood fills hole • Corpus hemorrhagicum

13. Corpus Luteum • Granulosa cells differentiate due to LH • Cells proliferate down cytoskeletal structure provided by blood clot • Produces progesterone & relaxin

14. Oviduct • Fig. 2-9 • Infundibulum • Ampulla • Isthmus

15. Figure 2-9 Not Available on WWW

16. Oviduct • Infundibulum • Surface covered by fimbriae • Increases surface area & captures ovum • Moves ovum towards ostium • Infundibulum surrounds ovary in a few species (dog)

17. Oviduct • Ampulla • Half or more of oviductal length • Ampullary-isthmic junction ill defined • Mare, AIJ serves as control point that allows only fertilized oocytes to pass into isthmus

18. Oviduct • Isthmus • Smaller in diameter that Ampulla • Connected to uterus with uterotubal junction

19. Oviduct • Fluids produced by oviduct support • ovum • spermatozoa • important for fertilization • early embryo

20. Oviduct • Uterotubal junction • regulates movement of embryo into uterus • “kink” in cattle under influence of estrogen • regulates movement of sperm to ampulla for fertilization • helps prevent polyspermy in swine

21. Uterus • Three types of uteri • Duplex (Opussum, Rabbit) • Bicornuate (Cow, Mare, Sow, Doe, Ewe) • Simplex (Primate & Human)

22. Uterus (Fig 2-11) Figure 2-11 not on WWW

23. Uterus • Duplex • Male opossum has forked penis • Rabbit can AI into both sides have have two genetic populations

24. Uterus • Bicornuate • Bipartite - old term used for cow & mare

25. Uterus • Components • Serosa = perimetrium • Muscularis = myometrium • Mucosa + submucosa - endometrium

26. Uterus • Endometrium (Fig. 2-12) • Contains ‘uterine glands’ • Secretions important to survival of preimplantation embryo • Coil under influence of estrogen • Secretory capacity under influence of progesterone

27. Uterus Fig. 2-12 Figure 2-12 Not available on WWW