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Chapter 3

Chapter 3 . Section 4. Colonial Governments . Each colony given a charter by the king King had ultimate authority Privy Council ( royal advisors) set English colony policies. Colonial Gov. and Legislatures. Each colony had a governor Royal colonies governors selected by king/queen

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Section 4

  2. Colonial Governments Each colony given a charter by the king King had ultimate authority Privy Council ( royal advisors) set English colony policies

  3. Colonial Gov. and Legislatures Each colony had a governor Royal colonies governors selected by king/queen Proprietary colonies-proprietors chose governor Some colonies elected the governor

  4. Elections? • Some colonies had elected assemblies • Make laws and policies • Laws had to be approved by advisory council and the governor

  5. Virginia assembly First colonial legislature ( 1619) Split into two houses Council of State-governor’s advisory council and the London company selected members House of Burgesses-elected by the colonists

  6. Types of meetings New England colonies had town meetings where people talked about and decided issues of local interest Southern colonies typically made decisions at county level due to being far apart Middle Colonies used both county and town meetings

  7. Political change in England • 1685 King James II takes over • Wants more control of colonies • Thought colonies too independent • 1686 unites northern colonies under the Dominion of New England • Sent Sir Edmund Andros to be royal governor • Colonists disliked him-he limited colonial control

  8. English Bill of Rights • 1689-replace King James and passed the English Bill of Rights reducing the power of the monarchy • Parliament gained power • Colonists value their elected representatives • Want to decide local issues

  9. Colonial Courts Each colonial government had own courts Often reflected beliefs of the colony Zenger trial-allows press to publish whatever they want as long as it was true ( freedom of the press)

  10. English Trade Laws • Mercantilism-a system of creating wealth through controlled trade • Want to have more exports than imports • Navigation Acts (1650-1696)-limited colonial trade • Forbid trade to countries other than England of certain things ( sugar, cotton) Must use English ships, ports, pay taxes etc.

  11. Navigation Acts • Colonists did not like the acts~wanted to trade with whoever paid the highest price • Smuggling began to develop ( rum, sugar) • Molasses Act 1733-place duties(taxes) on items like rum, sugar, molasses~rarely enforced • By early 1700’s colonists trading around the world

  12. Triangular Trade A system of trade which good and slaves were traded among the Americas, Britain, and Africa Beef, manufactured good, rum, slaves Middle Passage-route from Africa to the West Indies/Americas million of Africans died on the journey

  13. Great Awakening A religious movement that swept through the colonies from 1730’s-1740’s Changed social and religious beliefs Jonathon Edwards-Massachusetts dramatic sermons Affected all colonies-often preached about equality which leads to more equal society

  14. Enlightenment 1700’s spread the idea that reason and logic could improve society Many new scientific discoveries Social contract between people and government John Locke believed that all people had natural rights like equality and liberty

  15. French and Indian War • Tension between colonists and Wampanoag (Metacomet (King Phillip) leader) • Colonial militia and Native Americans fight • Some Native Americans side with colonists • Algonquin side with French colonists~less threatening than the English colonists • Iroquois League-six Native American groups allied with colonists for trade

  16. French and Indian War • France and Great Britain fighting for land in North America • British want Ohio River Valley for fur trade • French think the would harm fur trade • 1753 fighting erupts • George Washington leads troops against French-builds Fort Necessity-loses the battle-start of French and Indian War

  17. French and Indian War • Albany Plan-united the colonies to fight together • Seven Year’s War starts in Europe • Treaty of Paris 1763-end of war • Britain gains Canada, all French land east of Mississippi River, Florida • Changed the balance of power to British

  18. Western Frontier Many small fights took place as the settlers moved into western lands Chief Pontiac opposed British settlement of the Ohio Valley Proclamation of 1763-bans British settlement West of the Appalachian Mountains and must leave upper Ohio valley

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