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Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas

Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas. Metals and Nonmetals. For nomenclature purposes, metals are to the left of the stair step line and nonmetals are to the right. Systematic Naming. A compound is made of two or more elements. The name should tell us how many and what type of atoms.

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Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas

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  1. Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas

  2. Metals and Nonmetals • For nomenclature purposes, metals are to the left of the stair step line and nonmetals are to the right.

  3. Systematic Naming • A compound is made of two or more elements. • The name should tell us how many and what type of atoms.

  4. Types of Compounds • The types of compounds you will learn how to name and draw are • ionic compounds (binary and ternary), • molecular compounds and • acids (binary and ternary).

  5. Atoms and Ions • Atoms are electrically neutral. • They have the same number of protons and electrons. • Ions are atoms, or groups of atoms, with a charge. • Ions have a different numbers of electrons.

  6. Anions • An anion is a _________ ion. • An anion has _______ electrons. • Nonmetals can gain electrons. • The charge is written as a superscript on the right. negative gained F1- Has gained ___ electron(s) 1 O2- Has gained ___ electron(s) 2

  7. Cations • A cation is a _________ ion. • It is formed by _______ electrons. • There are more protons than electrons. • Metals form cations. positive losing K1+ Has lost ___ electron(s) 1 Ca2+ Has lost ___ electron(s) 2

  8. Oxidation Numbers

  9. IONIC COMPOUNDS

  10. Naming Cations • For cations, if the charge is always the same (Group A) just write the name of the metal.

  11. Naming Cations • Li1+ lithium • Li is the symbol for ________. • Lithium is a Group 1A metal, so the charge is always the same. Write the name of the metal. • Li1+ is called the ___________. lithium ion

  12. Naming Cations • Sr2+ strontium • Sr is the symbol for __________. • Strontium is a Group 2A metal, so the charge is always the same. Write the name of the metal. • Sr2+ is called the _____________. strontium ion

  13. Naming Cations • Transition metals (as well as tin and lead) can have more than one type of charge. • Indicate the charge with Roman numerals in parenthesis. • Zinc (Zn2+) and silver (Ag1+), although transition metals, only have one possible charge. Roman numerals ARE NOT used for zinc and silver.

  14. Naming Cations • Fe2+ • Fe is the symbol for ______. iron • Iron is a transition metal, so the charge is not always the same. Write the name of the metal, indicating the charge with Roman numerals in parenthesis. • Fe2+ is called the ___________. iron (II) ion

  15. Naming Cations • Pb2+ • Pb is the symbol for ______. lead • Lead is a Group 4A metal, and the charge is not always the same. Write the name of the metal, indicating the charge with Roman numerals in parenthesis. • Pb2+ is called the ___________. lead (II) ion

  16. Problem 1) Name the following cations. a) Ca2+ Calcium ion b) Al3+ Aluminum ion c) Sn4+ Tin (IV) ion

  17. Problem • Name the following ions. d) Na1+ Sodium ion e) Fe3+ Iron (III) ion Copper (I) ion f) Cu1+

  18. Naming Anions • Naming monatomic anions is always the same. • Change the element ending to – ide • Example: F1- • F is the symbol for fluorine, F1- is called fluor ide. ine.

  19. Naming Anions • Cl- • Cl is the symbol for _________. chlorine • Chlorine is a Group 7A nonmetal, so the charge is always the same (-1). • Cl- is called the ____________. chloride ion

  20. Naming Anions • O2- • O is the symbol for _________. oxygen • Oxygen is a Group 6A nonmetal, so the charge is always the same (-2). • O2- is called the __________. oxide ion

  21. Problem 2) Name the following anions. a) S2- sulfide ion b) Br- bromide ion

  22. Problem 2) Name the following anions. c) N3- nitride ion d) Se2- selenide ion

  23. Ionic Compounds • In the formula for an ionic compound, the symbol of the cation is written before that of the anion. • Subscripts, or small numbers written to the lower right of the chemical symbols, show the numbers of ions of each type present in a formula unit.

  24. Naming Binary Ionic Compounds • Binaryionic compounds are composed of a metal bonded with a nonmetal. • Name the metal ion using a Roman numeral in parenthesis if necessary. • Follow this name with the name of the nonmetal ion.

  25. Problem 3) Name the following binary ionic compounds. a) NaCl sodium chloride b) Ca3P2 calcium phosphide

  26. Problem • Name the following binary ionic compounds. c) CuO Copper (II) oxide d) SnBr2 Tin (II) bromide

  27. Problem • Name the following binary ionic compounds. e) Fe2S3 Iron (III) sulfide f) AlF3 Aluminum fluoride

  28. Problem • Name the following binary ionic compounds. g) KCl Potassium chloride h) Na3N Sodium nitride

  29. Problem • Name the following binary ionic compounds. i) CrN Chromium (III) nitride j) PbO2 Lead (IV) oxide

  30. Writing Formulas for Cations • Write the formula for the metal. • If a Roman numeral is in parenthesis use that number for the charge. Indicate the charge with a superscript. • If no Roman numeral is given, find the Group A metal on the periodic table and determine the charge from the column number.

  31. Writing Formulas for Cations • Nickel (II) ion • ____ is the symbol for nickel. Ni • Nickel is a transition metal, which is the reason why the charge with Roman numerals in parenthesis was included. • The formula for the nickel (II) ion is _____. Ni2+

  32. Writing Formulas for Cations • Gallium ion • ____ is the symbol for gallium. Ga • Gallium is a Group 3A metal and its charge is always the same (+3). • The formula for the gallium ion is ______. Ga3+

  33. Problem 4) Write the formulas for the following cations. Mg2+ a) Magnesium ion Cu2+ b) Copper (II) ion K1+ c) Potassium ion

  34. Problem • Write the formulas for the following ions. Ag1+ d) Silver ion Cr6+ e) Chromium (VI) ion Hg2+ f) Mercury (II) ion

  35. Writing Formulas for Anions • Write the formula for the nonmetal. • Find the Group A nonmetal on the periodic table and determine the charge from the column number.

  36. Writing Formulas for Anions • Phosphide • ___ is the symbol for phosphorus. P • Looking at the periodic table and finding phosphorus, the oxidation number (charge) can be determined. • The formula for phosphide is _____. P3-

  37. Writing Formulas for Anions • Bromide • ___ is the symbol for bromine. Br • Looking at the periodic table and finding bromine, the oxidation number (charge) can be determined. • The formula for bromide is _____. Br1-

  38. Problem 5) Write the formulas for the following anions. As3- a) arsenide Te2- b) telluride

  39. Problem • Write the formulas for the following anions. I1- c) iodide ion d) carbide ion C4-

  40. Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds • Oxidation numbers can be used to determine the chemical formulas for ionic compounds. • If the oxidation number of each ion is multiplied by the number of that ion present in a formula unit, and then the results are added, the sum must be zero.

  41. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds • Write the symbol for the metal. Determine the oxidation number from either the column number or the Roman numeral and write it as a superscript to the right of the metal’s symbol.

  42. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds • To the right of the metal’s symbol, write the symbol for the nonmetal. Determine the oxidation number from the column number and write it as a superscript to the right of the nonmetal’s symbol.

  43. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds • Example: potassium fluoride + - K F

  44. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds • If the two oxidation numbers add together to get zero, the formula is a one-to-one ratio of the elements.

  45. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds • Example: potassium fluoride + - K KF F

  46. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds • Example: aluminum sulfide 3+ 2- Al S

  47. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds • If the two oxidation numbers DO NOT add together to get zero, you will need to “criss-cross” the superscripts. These numbers now become subscripts.

  48. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds • Example: aluminum sulfide 3+ 2- Al S 2- 3+

  49. Writing Formulas for Binary Ionic Compounds • Omit all positive and negative signs and omit all 1’s.

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