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Why does the Renaissance Occur?

Why does the Renaissance Occur?. Rediscovery of Classical Greece and Rome Dante’s publication of the Divine Comedy in the Italian vulgate Guttenberg’s invention of the printing press. What effect does it have?. Development of artistic formulas

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Why does the Renaissance Occur?

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  1. Why does the Renaissance Occur? • Rediscovery of Classical Greece and Rome • Dante’s publication of the Divine Comedy in the Italian vulgate • Guttenberg’s invention of the printing press

  2. What effect does it have? • Development of artistic formulas • Study of optics-single point perspective, three-dimensional techniques • Emphasis on human anatomy and proportion • Commemoration of the individual • Greater exploration of those capabilities-engineering

  3. AgnoloBronzino, Portrait of Eleanor of Toledo and her Son, Giovanni de Medici, Florence,1544-45

  4. Filippo Brunelleschi, Florence Cathedral Dome, 1420-36

  5. Lantern • Cupola • Drum

  6. Baptistery of Saint John

  7. Filippo Brunelleschi, Sacrifice of Isaac, 1401-02 Lorenzo Ghiberti, Sacrifice of Isaac, 1401-02

  8. Lorenzo Ghiberti, Sacrifice of Isaac, 1401-02 • use of the Classical nude as a model-1st since antiquity • Interest in depth-fore, middle, and background • Foreshortening of figures • Very emotionally charged representation of the story • Contest shows a new concept of religious art commissions

  9. Andrea Pisano, Life of John the Baptist, South Doors, Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence, 1330-36

  10. Ghiberti, Gates of Paradise, 1424-52 • Gilded panels of Old Testament scenes • Flat grounds and backdrops are abandoned in favor of spatial illusion

  11. Ghiberti, Gates of Paradise Detail, 1424-52 • Increasing interest in Linear perspective and spatial arrangement of objects • Single-point perspective, orthogonal converge toward a vanishing point • Developing study of optics • Classical setting

  12. Donatello, David, 1428-32 • Commissioned and owned by the Medici family for their courtyard • symbol of Florence-represents their history as the smaller victor over larger city-states • first freestanding male nude bronze since antiquity • Highly idealized state of nudity-youthful and androgynous

  13. Polykleitos, Doryphoros, 450 BC Greece

  14. Massaccio, Holy Trinity, 1428 • Monumental use of one-point perspective: coffered barrel vault • Structures composition in triangular form • Focus on mortality and salvation • “I was once what you are, and what I am you will become”

  15. Massaccio, Tribute Money, 1427 • Brancacci Chapel, Santa Maria del Carmine • Gesture suggests emotion • Illusion of depth: one point perspective, color saturation, chiaroscuro

  16. Sandro Botticelli, Birth of Venus, 1482

  17. Aphrodite of Melos, 150 BCE Aphrodite of Knidos, 350 BCE

  18. Bernardo Rossellino, Tomb of Leonardo Bruni, 1445-50 • Leonardo Bruni, Humanist scholar and chancellor of Florence from 1427-44 • Iconography places the figure in classical Rome- • One single Christian element-Virgin and Child in the tondo • Glorification of an individual-was given a state funeral in the ancient Roman customs • Revives the Roman virtues of honoring human achievement

  19. Leon Battista Alberti, Sant’Andrea, Mantua, Italy, 1470 • Commissioned by the Marquis of Mantua • Housed a relic of the Blood of Christ • Regulations: 1. must accommodate masses of pilgrims 2. must allow visitors to see the altar at mass 3. Must be cost effective • Set up on a system of proportions-the module-basic unit of measurement

  20. Incorporates two elements from antiquity: triumphal arch and temple pediment • Coffered, barrel-vaulted arch on facade

  21. Andrea Mantegna, Ceiling of the Camera degli Sposi, 1474 • Reminiscent of Classical Roman interiors • “Trempe l’oeil” painting: “fools the eye” • Image is perceived “di sotto in su”-seen from beneath • Foreshortened putti in oculus

  22. Second style wall painting, Roman, 2nd-3rd century ad

  23. Perugino, Christ delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to St. Peter, 1481-83

  24. Piero della Francesca, Portraits of Battista Sforza and Federico da Montefeltro, Florence, ca. 1474

  25. The 15th century in Northern Europe

  26. Paintings of Several Parts! Triptych Polyptych

  27. Jan (and Hubert) Van Eyck, Ghent AltarpieceFlanders, 1432

  28. JodocusByd and Isabel Borluut

  29. Atmospheric Perspective • Atmospheric interference with visual perception causes loss of contrast, detail and sharp focus. It tends to make objects seem to take on a blue-gray color as they move farther away.

  30. Jan van Eyck, Man in a Red Turban, Flemish, 1433 Oil vs. Tempera

  31. Robert Campin, The Merode Altarpiece, Flanders, 1425-28

  32. Jan van Eyck,Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride,Flanders,1434

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