1 / 47

Nutrition II

Nutrition II. Nutrients. Macronutrients. Micronutrients. Carbohydrate. Vitamins. Fat. Minerals. Protein. H 2 O. Micronutrients and H 2 O. vitamins and minerals found in variety of foods balanced diet  no supplementation (Ca ++ ). Vitamins. Accessory nutrients (C,H,O)

neylan
Download Presentation

Nutrition II

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Nutrition II

  2. Nutrients Macronutrients Micronutrients Carbohydrate Vitamins Fat Minerals Protein H2O

  3. Micronutrients and H2O • vitamins and minerals • found in variety of foods • balanced diet  no supplementation (Ca++)

  4. Vitamins • Accessory nutrients (C,H,O) • Supplied thru diet (except D) • Manufactured during photosynthesis

  5. Types of Vitamins • Lipid soluble - A, D, E, and K • Water soluble - C - B: B1, B2, B6, B12, niacin, folic acid

  6. Lipid Soluble • Should not be consumed in excess • E.g. kidney damage 20 excess D

  7. Water Soluble • Generally not stored • Excess is voided

  8. Role of Vitamins • Links & regulators in energy releasing reactions • Control tissue synthesis

  9. Supplementation Supplementation Proper Diet Repeated Use However?

  10. Supplementation • Exceptions: - C - B – folic acid - B1 and B6 (some athletes) - B12 in vegetarians

  11. Antioxidant Role • Free radicals - highly chemically reactive molecules/fragments • Produced in body: - O2-, H202, OH- • Produced in environment: - smoke, pollutants, medications

  12. Antioxidant Role •  free radicals   oxidative stress/cellular damage •  oxidation of LDL   atherosclerosis • Oxidataive stress  cell deterioration, advanced aging, CA, DM, CAD

  13. Antioxidant Vitamins • A (& precursor -carotene), C , E • Protect plasma membrane • -carotene & C   CA • E & -carotene   CAD, blood clots

  14. Recent Research •  roundworm life by 50% • synthetic drugs that mimic: • superoxide dismutase • catalase • persist longer than vitamins

  15. Vitamins and Exercise • B-complex – coenzymes for CHO, lipid, & protein catabolism  energy • Contribute to Hb synthesis (RBC)

  16. Megavitamins • 10-1000x RDA

  17. Minerals • Elements • Constituents of enzymes, hormones, vitamins • Combine w/ other chemicals (calcium phosphate in bone, heme blood) • Critical for certain processes (muscle contraction)

  18. Minerals • Naturally occurring • Supplementation unnecessary (except Ca, Fe) • Excess can be toxic

  19. Roles of Minerals Structure (bones/teeth) Function: - heart rhythm - muscle contraction - neural conductivity - acid-base balance

  20. Roles of Minerals Regulation • Cell metabolism (enzymes/hormones) • Balance catabolism/metabolism • electrolytes

  21. Calcium • Osteoporosis • : - less bone density to start - reduced intake teenage years -  activity -  estrogen / menopause • Other factors: smoking, alcohol abuse

  22. Prevention • Ca++ supplementation • Vitamin D availability • Estrogen therapy • W/b activities (consistent) • Avoid excessive meat, salt, coffee, alcohol

  23. Prevention • 20 amenorrhea   estrogen

  24. Phosporus • Provides rigidity to bones & teeth • Essential to ATP, CP • Combines w/ lipids  plasma membrane • Buffer acids produced 20 heavy exercise

  25. Magnesium Involved in: • anabolism of serum glucose  liver/muscle glycogen • catabolism of glucose, fatty acids, AA • anabolism of lipids & proteins • nerve conduction and muscle action

  26. Iron • Found in: - hemoglobin - myoglobin - cytochromes

  27. Iron-deficiency anemia •  hemoglobin conc. • Sluggishness • Loss of appetite • Reduced capacity for exercise • Common in 

  28. Iron-deficiency anemia in Females • Pregnancy • Menstruation • Vegetarian diet - animal Fe more readily absorbed

  29. Iron RDA

  30. Exercise-Induced Anemia? • Loss of iron thru: - Perspiration - Urine 20 RBC destruction &  temp. - Spleen activity - Mechanical RBC destruction • Probably minimal

  31. Supplementation? • Hematological work-up • Accumulate to toxic level and contribute to: • Liver disease • DM • Heart damage / CAD • Joint damage

  32. Electrolytes • Na+ - blood plasma/extracellular • Cl- - blood plasma/extracellular • K++ - chief intracellular

  33. Na+ and Cl- • Modulate fluid exchange • Regulate exchange of nutrients and wastes between cell and external medium

  34. Na+ and K++ • Establish electrical gradient across cell membranes for: • Nerve impulses • Muscle contraction • Gland function

  35. Na+ induced HTN • 1/3 of individuals w/ HTN • Typical diet exceeds RDA by 10x • Not always the problem

  36. Minerals & Exercise • Excessive loss  • Impair heat tolerance & performance  • Cramps • Exhaustion • Heat stroke

  37. Supplementation Minerals & Exercise Good diet  Glass of OJ  replaces Ca, K, Mg lost in 3 L of perspiration

  38. Water • 40 – 60% of body mass • 65 – 75% of muscle • 50% of body fat

  39. Water • 62% extracellular • 38% intracellular

  40. Functions of Water • Transport and reactive medium - diffusion of gases - transportation of nutrients, gases, & wastes • Heat-stabilizing • Lubricates joints • Structure & form

  41. Water Regulation

  42. Water Regulation in Hot Weather during Exercise

  43. Water and Exercise • 100% relative humidity - evaporation impossible - loss of cooling mechanism • No humidity - optimum cooling - excessive fluid loss   plasma volume  circulatory strain

  44. Assessing Fluid Loss • Accurate body weight pre- and post-exercise • 1 lb. BW = 450 mL (15 oz.) dehydration

  45. Hyponatremia • Water intoxication 20: • Loss of electrolytes (Na+) • Large ingestion of water

  46. Hyponatremia • Dilution of extracellular Na+ • Headache, confusion, malaise, nausea, cramping, coma, pulmonary edema, death

  47. Hyponatremia • Usually during prolonged exercise • Do not consume > 1 L / hr. • Include some Na+ • Include glucose  facilitate glucose-sodium transport

More Related