Unit 4: WWII

1. Unit 4: WWII d) The rise of fascism in Italy and Germany

2. d) The rise of fascism • What is fascism? • It is a system that is anti-democratic, anti-parliamentary, anti-egalitarian, anti-socialist and anti-individualistic

3. d) The rise of fascism • A fascist system isagainst: • Liberalism • ______________ • The naturalgoodness of humans • Individualism • ______________ • ______________ • (fightagainst social classes)

4. d) The rise of fascism • A fascist system is for: • The confusion of three powers: executive, legislative and judicial • Ban on political parties and trade unions

5. d) The rise of fascism B) The rise of fascism in Italy: • After WWI, Italy suffered enormously: • 670,000 dead, more than one million disabled • Debts of $ 60 billion • Prices rise three times faster than wages • 600,000 unemployed • Bankruptcies • Political instability • Strikes and occupations • The rich are afraid • The state is very weak

6. d) The rise of fascism • The establishment of the fascist dictatorship in Italy: • 1915 Foundation of the fascist movement • Severe economic depression after WWI • Benito Mussolini, elected in 1921 in Milan • March on Rome in 1922 • The Blackshirts (fascists) reverse the fragile democratic government

7. d) The rise of fascism 5. Establishment of the dictatorship (1922-1926): • Violence by the secret police • Dissolution of political parties and trade unions • Return of members of Parliamentcensorship • Ban on emigration • Death of Matteotti (which denounces fascism of Mussolini)

8. d) The rise of fascism • Features of the system: • → A leader Mussolini (El Duce) • A single political party → The fascist party • Three slogans of of fascism: • Believe! • Obey! • Fight!

9. d) The rise of fascism C) The rise of Nazism in Germany: • In economic terms: • ____________________________(currency) • Germany is heavily affected by the economic crisis • Very high unemployment rate

10. d) The rise of fascism • At the political level: • Political instability • 12 parties, three ideologies: • communism, Social Democratic, National Socialism (Nazi) • Treaty of Versailles: • ______________ • ______________ • Weak global political leaders (Chamberlain, League of Nations ...)

11. d) The rise of fascism • Promises of Hitler for Germany:

12. d) The rise of fascism • The 3 pillars of Nazism in Germany: • ______________ • (against equality, democracy ...) 2. ______________ • Hitler wants to create a race of Lords Herrenvolk (persons purebred) • Aryan:blue eyes, blond hair

13. d) The rise of fascism 3. ______________: • Jews lower the level of development of the people • Against Christ (love, forgiveness ...) • Against Marx (the father of socialism) • Against Freud (the father of modern psychology)

14. d) The rise of fascism Who influenced Hitler? • Gobineau • A French idea of superior races • Rosenberg: • A German member of the Nazi Party • Rejects Christianity, supports the persecution of Jews • Darwin: • a British • Theory of natural selection

15. d) The rise of fascism • The slogans in Germany under Hitler: • Ein Volk! → A people! • Ein Reich! → A state! • EinFührer! → A leader!