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Early-Late Middle Ages: Wars & Growing Nations

Early-Late Middle Ages: Wars & Growing Nations. 476-1500. 100 Years War (1337-1453). E arly 1300’s English King Edward III had land in France= vassal 1328 , royal family dies out Edward III is king A ssembly chose Philip VI (of Flanders) 1337, Ed attacked= 100 Years War

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Early-Late Middle Ages: Wars & Growing Nations

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  1. Early-Late Middle Ages: Wars & Growing Nations 476-1500

  2. 100 Years War (1337-1453) • Early 1300’s English King Edward III had land in France= vassal • 1328, royal family dies out Edward III is king • Assembly chose Philip VI (of Flanders) • 1337, Ed attacked= 100 Years War • 116 yrs. of raids & battles • England losses the war • 1453, France regained almost all it’s land

  3. Edward III & Philip VI

  4. France After the 100 Years War • Suffered more b/c all on their soil • Fighting in the royal family France disunited • Joan of Arc Charles VII was crowned king • Ppl backed their king & were able to drive out the English • Joan of Arc French victory

  5. Joan of Arc • Visions from God that told her to fight • Sent to the siege at Orleans, lifted after 9 days= hero at 17 • Captured by the English & burned at the stake a heretic at 19 • Later, declared a martyr & saint by the Catholic church

  6. 100 Years War • New weapons= longbows; gunpowder & cannons made castles vulnerable • Both the French & English monarchies became weaker • Outcome= Parliament, particularly the House of Commons, gained power over the king

  7. War of the Roses • After HYW ended= war for England’s throne began • 1455, York & Lancaster families rivalry • White rose= York & red rose= Lancaster • 1485, Henry Tudor, Lancaster, won • Married a daughter from York, & as Henry VII= set up a strong monarchy

  8. Henry Tudor as Henry VII • Red rose in his hand & white in hers

  9. France After the 100 Years War • 1461, Louis XI followed Charles VII as king • Made monarchy stronger & Estates General lost power • Set up a harsh, efficient gov’t • Louis united France • Feudal lords lost power • Peasants gained little freedom

  10. Spain • United in 1479 under Ferdinand & Isabella • 1492, captured Granada, last stronghold of the Moors (Muslims) • Devout Catholics= ordered all non-Christians out or to convert • Most Jews & Muslims left • Lost most leaders in industry & trade

  11. Quick Review • Why did the 100 Years War Begin and what were the results? • What was the impact of the 100 Years War in England & in France? • How did the country of Spain change in 1492?

  12. Video: Joan of Arc • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpswyzn-LZA

  13. Activity: Memorial • Partners • Create a memorial for Joan of Arc • Include: • Location, connection to her legacy, accomplishments, etc…

  14. Holy Roman Empire • Holy Roman Empire= Germany & Italy • Ruled by princes & knights= Emperors lacked power • 1273, member of the Habsburg family became emperor • Ruled a small state, in present day Switzerland, weak, & owned little land • Used it to arrange marriages w/ powerful families • Slowly their lands • Emperor Maximilian I Netherlands, Luxembourg, & Burgundy

  15. Holy Roman Empire • Maximilian I’s son, Philip married into Spanish royalty land in Spain & Italy • Habsburgs= most powerful family in Europe • Couldn’t unite the Holy Roman Empire or the German states within it • German rulers refused to surrender power • Nor could Italy Papal States Pope

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