Ancient Egypt & Nubia

1. Chapter 3: Ancient Egypt & Nubia Unit 2: Early Civilizations in Africa and Egypt

2. Place and Location: Answer the following in your notebook • What continent is Egypt on? Africa • Where in Africa is it located? What region? Northeast region • What are the physical features of the region? Sahara desert, Nile River, Red Sea to east and Mediterranean Sea to north

3. Sahara Desert • 40 million years ago the Sahara was an ocean • It is the largest hot desert • Less than 3 inches of rain a year • Hurricane level winds cause sand storms • Today, there is little water or vegetation to sustain life in most part of the Sahara

4. Plate Tectonics and the Tethys Sea

5. Map it (use pages 79, and 82) • Lower Egypt • Upper Egypt • Sinai Peninsula • Nile River • Nile Delta • Mediterranean Sea • Red Sea • Memphis • Sahara Desert

6. The Nile River Valley • An ideal place for civilizations in northeast Africa • The Nile River brought life to the ancients • Egypt was known as the “gift of the Nile”

7. Textbook Assignment • Read pages 78-79 of your textbook • Answer the following questions in complete sentences in your notebook after reading • What caused the soil deposits at the Nile Delta? • Why do you think Herodotus called Egypt “the gift of the Nile”? • Why was the Nile River Valley important to the development of civilization in Egypt?

8. The Lifeline of the Nile Chapter 3 Lesson 1 Continued

9. Pop Quiz • Where was ancient Egypt located? A) southwest Africa B) northeast Africa C) central Africa • Which best describes the climate and land of ancient Egypt? A) cold and fertile B) moderate temperatures with heavy rains C) hot, dry, and mostly desert

10. Pop Quiz – based on HW • Why was the Nile River important to the Egyptians? A) farming and fishing B) it provided transportation C) Both A and B

11. 8 Pop Quiz 4 7 5 Nile Delta Mediterranean Sea Sinai Peninsula Upper Egypt Lower Egypt 6

12. Geography of the Nile • Longest river in the world > 4,000 miles long • Flows northward into Egypt and empties into the Mediterranean Sea • Yearly floods fertilized the soil • Ancient Egyptians called their fertile land Kemet= “the black land”

13. Geography of Ancient Egypt • Upper Egypt – in the south and has a higher elevation • Lower Egypt – in the north and has a lower elevation • Natural Barriers lead to isolation: Sinai Peninsula = only crossing, the desert protected against invasion, but limited settlement and exchange of new ideas

14. The Nile: A Giver and A Taker of Life • Read pages 80-81 of the textbook • Complete Lesson 1: The Lifeline of the Nile worksheet

15. People of the Nile

16. Summarizing: Geography & the Nile • Write a summary that describes the geography of Egypt and describes how the Nile River was both a giver and a taker of life . Include details from class notes, readings, and videos. • Should be 5 to 8 sentences = one paragraph • Write it on a separate piece of paper. Due today.