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Exploring American History Unit IX- Postwar America. Chapter 28 – Section 3 Rights for Other Americans. Rights for Other Americans. The Big Idea Encouraged by the success of the civil rights movement, many groups worked for equal rights in the 1960s. Main Ideas
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Exploring American HistoryUnit IX- Postwar America Chapter 28 – Section 3 Rights for Other Americans
Rights for Other Americans • The Big Idea • Encouraged by the success of the civil rights movement, many groups worked for equal rights in the 1960s. • Main Ideas • Hispanic Americans organized for civil rights and economic opportunities. • The women’s movement worked for equal rights. • Other Americans also fought for change.
Main Idea 1: Hispanic Americans organized for civil rights and economic opportunities. • America’s Hispanic population growing • 1960: 4 million • 1970: 10 million • Diverse origins– Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and other Latin American countries • Success of African American civil rights movement encouraged Hispanic Americans to fight for their own rights.
Cesar Chavez • Hispanic American activist • Formed union in 1962 that would later become the United Farm Workers (UFW) • Committed to goal of better pay and working conditions for migrant farm workers • Led the UFW in a five-year strike and boycott against California grape growers • Workers won better wages and benefits in 1970. • Committed to non-violent protest • Inspired young leaders in Chicano movement • His work impacted new legislation. • Amendment to 1968 Elementary and Secondary Education Act required schools to teach students whose first language was not English in both languages until they learned English. • Voting Rights Act of 1975 required communities with large immigrant populations to print ballots in the voters’ preferred language.
Hispanic Americans Organize for Change • Compare – In what ways were Cesar Chavez and Martin Luther King Jr. similar? • Elaborate – How did the Hispanic civil rights movement affect the Elementary and Secondary School Education Act?
Main Idea 2:The women’s movement worked for equal rights. • Activists brought attention to women’s position in society • A 1963 government commission reported fewer job opportunities and lower pay for women. • Legislation was passed to help equalize rights. • 1963 Equal Pay Act– required many employers to pay men and women equal salaries for same work. • Civil Rights Act of 1964– banned discrimination based on gender and race • Women began questioning traditional roles. • The women’s movement worked for equal rights. • Author Betty Friedan became a leader of modern women’s rights movement. • National Organization for Women (NOW) founded in 1966. • Women like Shirley Chisholm, the first African American woman elected to Congress, worked for change by running for office.
Betty Friedan was an American feminist, activist and writer, best known for starting what is commonly known as the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book The Feminine Mystique. N.O.W. (National Organization for Women) was founded on June 30, 1966 in Washington, D.C., by 28 women and men. "to take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all privileges and responsibilities thereof in truly equal partnership with men." NOW promoted the Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Betty Friedan and NOW
Women’s Rights in the 1970s Equal Rights Amendment • Women’s rights organizations supported an amendment to the Constitution • Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) • Outlaw all discrimination based on sex • Conservative activists, such as Phyllis Schlafly worked to stop it. • Though initially approved by Congress, it did not get ratified. New Opportunities • Despite failure of ERA, women’s movement achieved many goals. • New opportunities in education and workplace • Began winning political offices at all levels
Equal Rights Amendment • ERA was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution that was intended to guarantee equal rights under the law for Americans regardless of sex.
Phyllis Schlafly • An American conservative political activist known for her best-selling 1964 book A Choice, Not An Echo and her opposition to feminism in general and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in particular. • Schlafly became the most visible and effective opponent of the Equal Rights Amendment as the organizer of the "Stop the ERA" movement, widely credited with stopping it from achieving passage by its legislative deadline
The Women’s Movement • Describe – What was the purpose of the 1963 Equal Pay Act?? • Summarize – Why did the ERA fail to become law?
Main Idea 3:Other Americans also fought for change. • Native Americans • National Congress of American Indians helped win passage of the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 allowing tribes to gain more control over reservation lands. • American Indian Movement founded in 1968 to fight for rights • Protests were organized, some of which ended in violence. • Disabled • Disabled in Action created in 1970 to raise awareness of challenges facing people with disabilities and to work for legislation. • The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 • The Education of Handicapped Children Act of 1975 • Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) outlawed all discrimination against people with disabilities.
Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 • The purpose of the ICRA is to extend many of the constitutional protections of the Bill of Rights to individuals under the jurisdiction of Indian tribal governments. In order to preserve certain aspects of tribal government and sovereignty. • Preserve as much of tribal culture as possible.
Native American activist organization in the United States-1968 AIM used the American press and media to present its own unvarnished message to the American public. AIM directly sought out the American public to ensure it would get AIM’s message. AIM was always on the look out for an event to would result in publicity All of these events were undertaken to ensure AIM would be noticed in order to highlight its belief that the rights of Indian people had eroded Seizure of the Mayflower replica on Thanksgiving Day in 1970. The occupation of Mount Rushmore in 1971. The Trail of Broken Treaties march 1972. Takeover of the Bureau of Indian Affairs headquarters in Washington, D.C. in 1972. AIM’s occupation of Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge reservation in 1973. The Longest Walk in 1978. American Indian Movement (AIM)
Disabled in Action • Civil rights organization committed to ending discrimination against people with disabilities — all disabilities. • DIA consists primarily of and is directed by people with disabilities. • To raise consciousness among people with or without disabilities concerning ableism, paternalism and derogatory attitudes, as well as laws and customs that oppress disabled individuals in American society • We believe in the motto, "Nothing about us without us!"
Other Voices for Change • Identify – During the 1960’s, what was the primary concern of Native Americans? • Analyze – Why did Native Americans engage in sit-ins and armed protests?
Other Voices for Change • Identify – Who founded the organization Disabled in Action? • Contrast – What is the difference between the 1973 Rehabilitation Act and the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act?
