19 th century:Birth of the “Isms”

1. 19th century:Birth of the “Isms” Western civilization was an age of upheaval Church lost its grip Monarchies topple and new democracies suffered growing pains Art world of the 1800's seethed with factions each overreacting to the other What had been eras became “isms” each representing a trend in art Three major styles competed with one another Neo Classicism, Romanticism and Realism Toward end of the century a blur of schools, Impressionism, Post Impressionism, Art Nouveau and Smbolism came and went in quick succession

2. 1860 Snapshot phtography developed 1863 Salon des Refuses launches modern art 1873 First color photos appear 1874 Impressionsits hold first group show 1880 Van Gogh begins painting career 1885 First Chicago skyscraper built 1889 Eiffel tower built 1890 Monet's first haystacks series 1891 Gauguin goes to tahiti 1893 Art Nouveau spreads World History Art History 1803 Louisiana Purchase 1807 Fulton invents the steamboat 1823 Beethoven completes 9th Symphony 1837 Queen Victoria crowned 1848 Gold discovered in California 1860 Steel Developed 1861 US Civil War breaks out 1876 Custer defeated at Little Big Horn, Bell patents the telephone 1879 Edison invents electric light 1885 First motorcar built 1889 Hitler born 1898 Curies discover radium

3. Post Impressionism 1880-1905 • Post Impresionists triumped over academic art instead off the “brown gravy” paintings done in feebly lit studios • They wanted to show a more substantial style not dedicated wholly to capturing a passing moment

4. Seurat the dot painter • His method was called “pointilism”which consisted of small unmixed dots of color over the entire canvas • He theorized that complementary colors set side by side would mix in the viewer's eye • The whole fused together like a mosiac from a distance

5. A Sunday on the La Grande Jatte 1884 • The method was labor intensive and he only finished 7 large paintings in his decade long career • Seurat kept the bright unmixed colors of the Impressionistsbut he based design on geometirc shapes

6. Le Cirque 1881 • This painting conveys a mood of frenetic activity • It is a simplified poster-like style • Seurat died at the age of 31, three days after exhibiting this painting in an unfinished state

7. Toulouse-Lautrec At the Moulin Rouge 1892 • Subjects were people in contempory life in parisan theaters, dance halls and circuses • He portrayed movement and private moments with photographic type cropping

8. Moulin Rouge • Most of his paintings are figures in interior night scenes lit by artificial light • Lautrec's most original contribution was in the realm of the graphic arts through posters • Lautrec went every night to the music hall to paint and included himself (the short bearded figure at the rear)

9. Cezanne 1839-1906 • Cezanne was a loner and did not join any group • The public scorned his painting as coarse, degenerate, incompetent • In the face of pervasive mockery, he retreated into research of his work • What made Cezanne's art so radical in his day and appreciated today was his new take on surface appearance

10. Instead of imitating reality as it appeared to the eye, Cezanne penetrated the underlying geometry • Reproduced in terms of the cylinder, sphere and cone • This innovative technique was applied to portraits, landscapes and still life

11. Self portrait • Cezanne had a reputation as an unapproachable hermit almost an ogre

12. He placed cool colors like blue to create depth • Warm colors like red seem to advance • His landscapes do not vary with the time of the day or the season

13. Gauguin 1848-1903 • Gauguin was a prosperous stock-broker and father of five in Paris • He took up Sunday painting and by 1883, ditched his family and well-being and left for Tahiti • Often without money for materials, he spread thin paint on coarse sacking • He transformed colors and distorted shapes to convey an emotional response to the scene

14. “Life is color” Gauguin gave the impression that he sacrificed everything to art though half knowing he would never profit from it Gauin devised a new method of painting based not on reality but his conception of it He refused to reproduce surface appearances, instead transformed colors and distorted shapes Gauguin freed artists from the restraints which the idea of copying nature had placed upon painters

15. Vincent Van Gogh 1853-90 Born in holland Van Gogh was obsessed with religion and social service He was a misfit who at the age of 27was determined to fulfill his mission to humanity through art After seeing an Impressionist show decided to switch from dark to bright colors and do outdoor light drenched scenes He adopted broken brushstrokes and bright complementary colors. He did not like academic painting and used unorthodox colors to suggest emotion

16. “These canvases will tell you what I cannot say in words” Van Gogh was subject to overwhelming spells of loneliness, paint and emotional collapse He produced 800 paintings and drawings in 10 years He painted all day without stopping to eat. He stuck candles in his hat brim at night He sold one painting in his lifetime. Today his paintings sell for millions of dollars

17. Iris Painting Inspired by nature, he painted cypresses, fruit trees, flowers,and wheatfields Art was van Gogh's only refuge in his bitterly unhappy life

18. Starry Night Van Gogh was a patient in an asylum and painted this painting in “dumb fury” staying up three nights in a row to paint The picture conveys surging movement through curving brushwork and the stars and moon explode with energy The dark cypresses offset the bright moon in the opposite corner for a balanced effect The overall effect is expressive unity rather than chaos

19. “ Every time I look at his painting I find something new” Van gogh was despondent at his lack of prospects and dependance on his brother for financial support After receiving a letter from his brother complaining of financial worries, and fearful of being a burden, Van Gogh ended his life with a gunshot wound

20. “He is more than a great painter, he's a philosopher” -----Dr. Gachet In 1990 van Gogh's portrait of Dr Gachet sold at auction for $82.5 million, a record price for a work of art Van Gogh had said,“ I would rather die of passion than boredom”

21. Edvard Munch:The Mind cracking Born in Norway in 1863-1944 Munch was an outsider, brooding and sad, who called his painting his children His neuroses sprang from a traumatic childhood: his mother and sister died of consumption when he was young leaving him to be raised by a fanatically religious father

22. The Scream Munch portrayed extreme emotions like jealousy , sexual desire and lonliness He said he wanted to paint pictures that will make people take off their hats in awe, the way they do in church The Scream represents the fear of losing one's mind Every line heaves with agitationand turbulant rhythms with no relief for the eye Today the painting is a cliché for high anxiety, but when it was painted, it caused and uproar and the exhibit was closed

23. Munch was known for his emotionally charged subjects Munch was a forerunner of Expressionism a style that portrayed emotions through distorting form and color After a bout of nonstop work, heavy drinking, and a disastrous love affair, Munch suffered a nervous breakdown

24. SymbolismIt was an artistic and literary movement of the last decade of the 19th century Rousseau was born in 1844-1910 in France He was an untrained hobby painter Rousseau believed his fantastic childlike landscapes were realistic painting in the academic style

25. The Sleeping Gypsy 1897 Rousseau studied plants and animals in the Paris zoo as inspiration for his paintings His paintings were stylized and no brushstokes were visible The figures were flat and had skewed proportion,scale and perspective His stiff jungle scenes have an air of mystery to them Rousseau sang to keep his spirits up

26. Odilon Redon 1840-1916 Born in France he later inspired the Surrealists He used iridescent color to evoke a magical world After drawing a subject accurately, he said,”I am driven as in torment. I have to create something imaginary”

27. Redon's Fantastical Flowers He was influenced by the poetry of Poe and Baudelaire

28. Albert Pinkham Ryder 1847-1917 He painted pictures from his imagination and used simple forms and yellowish light to create haunting works He lived in New York in squalor He looked to nature for inspiration observing sky and sea Ryder was indifferent to his art materials using ill prepared paint onto wet undercoating. As a result, 150 of his canvases are severely cracked

29. Art Nouveau 1890-1920 It is an ornamental style opposed to the sterility of the Industrial Age recognized by its sinuous lines and tentril like curves The trademark water lily shapes exerted an influence on arts such as wrought-iron work, jewelry, glass and typography

30. Art Nouveau

31. Louis Comfort Tiffany 1848-1933glass menagerie Art nouveau style uses blossoms, lotus flower, and clusters of grapes as a theme Son of the founder of New York's Tiffany Jewelers, Tiffany studied painting then designed stained-glass windows for churches He replaced martyrs and saints with poppies and peacock and his work became immensely popular In floral, landscaped windows celebrating nature's profusion, Tffany created some of the most innovative glass-work ever

32. Birth of Modern Architecture Neoclassical tradition dominated public buildings like bank, libraries and city halls New materials and new technology changed the profession of architecture Suspension bridges, grain elevators, train sheds, factories, warehouses and high-rise office buildings had never existed before the 19th century The invention of the elevator perfected in the 1880s made soaring skyscrapers possible Cheap steel allowed builders to rely on a strong inner cage for support instead of masonry walls and stone columns Architects were forced to break free of ancient Greek and Roman prototypes because the function of modern buildings was different

33. Jewel Box Bank in Owatonna, Mn

34. Louis Sullivan: Midwestern Architect1856-1924 Sullivan's saying “form follows function' meant that architecture was designed for its commercial purpose The first new school of architecture was born in Chicago Chicago was a city without a past, a city of new immigrants Louis Sullivan virtually invented the skyscraper and put Chicago on the cultural map. The tall vertical towers demanded a new aesthetic. Chicago's Carson-Prairie-Scott department store was Sullivan's revolutionary metropolitan image Sullivan rejected antique styles and wanted surface decoration to be fresh and inventive

35. Carson- Pirie- Scott Department Store 1899-1904 The top ten stories of the building are sleek with bare terra-cotta sheathing and the bottome two floors at eye elvel are richly decorated with coiling cast iron ribbons in an Art Nouveau pattern Like most visionaries, sullivan was not appreciated as much in his day as in ours. His structures were considered inferior to structures like the Pris Opera house Frank Lloyd Wright was a pupil of Sullivans and took his master's ideas to fruition