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2010 Brazilian Population Census Challenges and Benefits in Using Modern Technologies

2010 Brazilian Population Census Challenges and Benefits in Using Modern Technologies. Marcia Quintslr IBGE - Director of Surveys Seminar Counting the 7 Billion: the Future of Population and Housing Census United Nations Statistics Division New York, February 24 th , 2012. Brazil.

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2010 Brazilian Population Census Challenges and Benefits in Using Modern Technologies

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  1. 2010 Brazilian Population Census Challenges and Benefits in Using Modern Technologies Marcia Quintslr IBGE - Director of Surveys Seminar Counting the 7 Billion: the Future of Population and Housing Census United Nations Statistics Division New York, February 24th, 2012

  2. Brazil • 27 State Units • 5565 Municipalities • more than 190 million people • 8.5 million Km2

  3. 2010 Population Census: Strategies LISTEN TO USERS Planning 2010 and Defining questionnaires topics; Monitoring field work quality; Complementing data; defining releasing strategies; evaluating 2010 Census. TECHNOLOGY Data Collection: face to face interview and Internet. INFRASTRUCTURE Integrated digital mapping to the National Addresses File for Statistical purposes; Local offices of IT and for data collection management, including quality control and supervision. Training

  4. 2007 a great learning 2010 a successful experience The technological and methodological innovations introduced in the 2007 and 2010 Censuses constitute landmarks in IBGE history and are of substantial influence on the institute’s activities.

  5. The 2007 Censuses: An integrated operationFirst time IBGE adopted the handheld computers in a Census data collection. • Integration among • Agricultural Census; • Population Counting (partial coverture of territory); • National Addresses List for Statistical Purposes. • Motivation • Reduce costs (separately they would be 40% more expensive). • How the operations were conducted? • Shared enumerators team and structure. • Collection period: April 15 until October, 2007.

  6. 2007 - observed difficulties on technology • Initial data loading into handheld computers delayed starting (obstruction of the data communication system to transfer information) • Serious communication difficulties due to the low-quality of the services ( poor quality of phone lines, satellite antennas misaligned due wind) • Software updates (various versions applied during data collection period)

  7. 2007 - observed difficulties on technology • The inadequate functioning of data entry to the Data Collection Management System. (made it difficult to observe the problems and the adoption of correction measures in due time) • Delay in the functioning of the Supervision System. (supervision was not effective as expected) • Coverage failures were only observed in advanced stage of collection (need of coverage review in several municipalities) Important lesson… “ Technological advancement requires to adjust processes and training.”

  8. Remarks • It is important to consider that the experience of IBGE 2007 Censuses was extremely important: • for the adequate planning of the 2010 Population Census, for which this innovation was a success, specially because some new processes and ways to explore IT facilities were implemented. • for the current surveys, as it is the case of the use of handheld computers for the Annual National Household Sample Survey since its 2007 round. This experience complemented the required knowledge on electronic data collection by the side of IBGE staff.

  9. 2010 – Strategies on Improvement of processes • - Census Mapping – pre Census operation; • - Efficient application of questionnaires; • - IT infrastructure, provided support and training: • - 1200 IT offices; • - 7000 local offices with local capacity to receive collected information; • - Control quality variables at each stage of generating data and listen to users on some aspects.

  10. 2010 Census Mapping Definition of 316.574 enumeration areas • Building of an integrated Territorial Database to support 2010 Census • Association of the “National Address File for Statistical Purposes – CNEFE” file to the blocks and block-face in urbanenumerationareas (preCensusoperation); • Geometrical adjustment of urban and rural limits for each Municipality. • SISMAP – Brazilian System for Census Mapping • Tool that was developed for municipal mapping in a single continuous spatial database. • Input data from several sources of vector and imagery data, like GIS, GPS, satellite imagery, digital and aerial photography

  11. 2010 Population Census Territorial Database Territorial Database 27 Federation Units(States) 5,565 Municipalities 10,283 Districts 662 Subdistricts/R.A. 316,574 Enumeration Areas 240,382 urban EAs 76,192 rural Eas

  12. Efficient application of Questionnaires Questions: 14 – person 23 – household Questions: 71 – person 37 – household Diferent sample fraction according with municipality population, charged in handheld computers and defining household selection.

  13. 2010 – Improvement of ICT in Data Collection • Data collection was carried out using handheld computers in a face to face mode interview (CAPI) and concurrently the National Addresses File for Statistical Purposes (CNEFE) was updated. • IBGE staff was responsible for the development the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for 2010 Census. • There was no paper questionnaire. • Processes were adjusted to the optimal application of technology.

  14. 2010 - Improvement of ICT in Data Collection • Each handheld computer was equipped with: • Enumeration Area Map; • list of addresses developed during pre-census operation (for the urban EA); • short and long form questionnaires; • GPS; • summary information collected to facilitate monitoring enumerator’s work. • The GPS receiver allowed georeferecing of units in the rural areas as well the monitoring of the field operation.

  15. Improvement of Data Collection structure • Data Collection • - 7000 Census Data Collection Stations or Census Local Offices (spread over 5565 municipalities in Brazil); • - 220000 handheld computers for supervision and data collection. • Regional Coordination • - 27 Regional (States) Coordinators for each subject (technical; operational; administrative and ICT); • - 220 Operational Area Coordinators; • - 1,281 Sub-Area Coordinators. • Note: 1,432 ICT technicians, in the Sub-Area level Coordination, have offered support on all ICT local subjects at the Data Collection Stations.

  16. 2010 – Improvement of ICT infrastructure • 7,000 Data Collection Stations • Each Data Collection Stations was equipped with notebooks to operate autonomously, connected or not, to the Internet; • Interaction of handhelds computers was made solely on the notebooks of the Collection Station; • From this notebooks data were send to the Central Processing; • In Data Collection Stations without Internet connection, communication with the Central Processing was done through USB drives (flash drives) physically transporting lots of information to some other point of Internet access. • Note: This infrastructure and related procedures were important to avoid the serious problems faced in 2007 Census.

  17. Impact of IT on quality of 2010 Census Data • Field works: 1st August to 31st October 2010 • Last quality control supervisions: 1st – 24th November • Imputation of population for “non-interviewd housing units”: 25th - 26th Nov • Release of first results: 29th November 2010

  18. Benefits - Comparison: Census 2010 and 2000 • Increase technologyThe infrastructure of 2010 was fully digital, reaching from maps of the operational base to the administrative and operational procedures. • Better quality informationThe collection made ​​with equipment minimized transcription errors and accelerated processing of Census data (editing and coding stages). • Lower cost per questionnaire collectedThe use of a fully computerized collection, replacing traditional printed questionnaires, don’t appreciate Census 2010 operation vis a vis 2000. • Release • The gain of time for the first release (around 1 month) was not so substantial as compared with 2000, but the following releases have presented or are expected to be presented one year earlier than was possible for 2000 Census.

  19. Comparison: Census 2010 x 2000 Note: US$1.00 = R$1.75 (average 2010)

  20. Impact of IT on Census 2010 Point of view of customers • Listen to users: 2010 Census a fundamental strategy • 1) Discussing and defining questionnaires topics • One Advisory commission of high level Brazilian experts; • Meetings comprising users of a broad range of knowledge among experts, policy makers, academic researchers, press. • 2) Monitoring quality of territorial base data and data collection and others territorial or socioeconomic conditions • Committees of Geography and Statistics for States and Municipalities.

  21. Evaluating Census 2010 Technology and costumer’s expectations • Listen to users – 2010 Census fundamental strategy • Users have contributed too with their point of view on: • Defining strategies; • Released data validation and analysis. • As users were strongly involved with the definition of various aspects of Census and because they obtained a great comprehension on technological advances implemented, they became more demanding and created high expectations on quality and on getting earlier results.

  22. Evaluating Census 2010 Technology and expectations of users • Earlierand more refined information were reached. • Release Calendar 2010 vs 2000 – except for first release, similar results were or are expected to be released almost one year in advance. • Quality – due the technology in data collection, training, control and supervision and editing procedures, first total population data released in November was close by the definitive one published in April 2012. • Brazilian Population • First results released: Nov 29th, 2010 – Population: 190,732,694 • Final results released: April 29th,2011 – Population: 190,755,799

  23. Evaluating Census 2010 Technology and expectations of users • These expectations are well exemplified by special needs of preliminary data to support public policy, such as poverty elimination and disability, caused IBGE define special procedures for releasing Census 2010 results. • April 2012 – definitive data on population figures and some general characteristics were published so were some preliminary data obtained from the short questionnaire.

  24. Evaluating Census 2010 Technology and expectations of users • Other information have been already published: • Digital map (enumerations areas); • Addresses File for Statistical Purposes; • Final version of the short questionnaire subjects; • Preliminary release on the data of the long form; • “Aglomerados Subnormais” – which will be highlighted on the next slides.

  25. April, 2012 2010 Population Census: sample results 2010 Population Census: microdata of the sample May, 2012 2010 Population Census: characteristics of the urban households and their surroundings June, 2012 2010 Population Census: sample results - general population characteristics July, 2012 2010 Population Census: characteristics of the indigenous people September and November, 2012 2010 Population Census: sample results - thematic volumes December, 2012 2010 Population Census: Atlas 2013 2010 Population Census: Methodology 2010 Census: Release plan

  26. Evaluating Census 2010 Impact of technology on data applicationConclusion • High quality worthwhile information can be generated from Census 2010 data, joining technology and: • - clear geographical and statistical conceptual framework; • - improved processes; • - training; • - and users contribution. • “AglomeradosSubnormais”, as an example.

  27. IBGE “Aglomerado Subnormal” conceptual framework It’s a set of at a minimum 51 deprived household, with weak structure of housing construction, most of them without access to essential public services or with no good attention relate to them, with no regular occupation of the territory, set up in a disorderly and dense way.

  28. The challenge: portraying diversity

  29. “Aglomerados Subnormais” – 2010 Census • Technological advances vs 2000: images of all country, new hardware and software; • Specific staff for support, supervision and training; • Specific survey on “aglomerados subnormais” for territorial details; • Municipal Committees of Geography and Statistics – 350 meetings on “aglomerados subnormais”; • Some advances on identification on areas with similarity with “aglomerados subnormais” by municipal administrations.

  30. Satelit images • Satelit images of high resolution – advances on identification and delimitation of “aglomerados subnormais”. Macapá (AP)

  31. Brazilian “Aglomerados Subnormais” • 6329 “aglomerados subnormais” at 323 municipalities • 11 425 644 of people (6% of total population) • 3 224 529 households (5,6%)

  32. Eletricity suply

  33. Demographic Characteristics Idade Média: Aglomerados – 27,9% Áreas regulares – 32,7%

  34. Thank you! Marcia Quintslr IBGE – Director of Surveys marcia.quintslr@ibge.gov.br

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