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In the beginning. When God began to create the heaven and the earth---the earth was at that time without form and void and darkness was upon the face of the deep---then God said: Let there be light…. Creation out of nothing?. Signs of the Priestly Writer. God
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In the beginning... • When God began to create the heaven and the earth---the earth was at that time without form and void and darkness was upon the face of the deep---then God said: Let there be light…. • Creation out of nothing?
Signs of the Priestly Writer • God • Six days/seven days (God keeps sabbath) • Be fruitful and multiply--9:1 • Vegetarian diet; 9:3 • Elleh toledoth • Remoteness of God vs. immanence of Yahweh in chaps 2-3 • “Creates” vs acts, forms, breathes, plants • male and female vs. the man and his wife • Wild animals of the earth; animals of the field (2:19)
Day One: Let there be light Day Two: “firmament” Day Three: land and vegetation Day Four: big one, little one…and also the stars Day Five: birds and fish Day Six: animals and man-woman The Days of Creation
The Sabbath • Focus moves from heaven to earth • artificiality of 7-day structure (8 creation events) • 7 regular days in a regular 7-day week • If God rests, why not we? (counter cultural) • Exod 31:12-17: Sabbath as sign of covenant
Enuma elish (when on high…) • Ti’amat and Kingu challenge divine council • Marduk elected king of the gods (word) • Defeats Ti’amat; Kingu imprisoned • creation of earth and sky from Ti’amat • gods complain about work; Marduk creates humans out of blood of Kingu to work in place of gods; city of Babylon and temple of Marduk
Contrast between Babylonian and Biblical Worldviews • political function--rise of city of Babylon • Conflict among gods; Genesis--only birdies, beasties, and fishies • power of word…in Babylon and in Israel’s exile • transcendent God (no sex, magic) • does creation “end” in space (temple) or in time?
Message to Israel in exile • word--power behind God’s promise = Genesis 9; only reliable basis for faith • Be fruitful and multiply • vs. astrology
The human vocation • anthropology: humans are evil and slaves in Enuma elish vs. “very good” and royal vocation in Genesis 1 • Psalm 8 • image of God--rulership. We are God’s good creatures
Heaven and earth (2:4a) Adam (5:1)* Noah (6:9) Sons of Noah (10:1)* Shem (11:10)* Terah (11:27)* Ishmael (25:12)* Isaac (25:19) Esau/Edom (36:1, 9)* Jacob (37:2) [Aaron and Moses--Numbers 3] Toledoth = Generations Asterisk = followed by genealogy Italics = no longer center stage
Creation and evolution • Variety of biblical pictures (Gen 1 and 2; Yahweh vs the sea--Isa 27:1-2; 54:9-11; Psa 74:12-17; 89:1-14; 25) • Genesis 1 is truthful expression within one ancient worldview • I believe that God made ME and all creatures • How do we affirm creation within early 21st century science?
The Structural Beauty of Genesis 1 • 7 x “created” (1:1, 21, 27-27-27, 2:3, 4) • 7x good: light, land and seas, vegetation, heavenly bodies, sea monsters and birds, animals, everything was very good • Blessings announced: • 1:22 first biological life--fish and birds • 1:28 man and woman--but not land animals • 2:3 the seventh day
7 elements in descriptions of days • God said • Let there be • It was so • God separated…God made • Word of blessing or naming • God saw it was good • Evening and morning