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Vegetation Control Options

Vegetation Control Options. Randall H. Zondag Commercial Horticulturist Ohio State University Lake County. Information on this Program. My Website : http://lake.osu.edu Email Zondag.1@osu.edu Links Weather stations Pest Management Information Programs.

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Vegetation Control Options

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  1. Vegetation Control Options Randall H. Zondag Commercial Horticulturist Ohio State University Lake County

  2. Information on this Program • My Website : http://lake.osu.edu • Email Zondag.1@osu.edu • Links Weather stations Pest Management Information Programs

  3. Why Industrial Vegetation Control ? • Eliminates hiding areas for mice, rats, and other pests. • Reduces fire hazards. • Reduces allergens such as pollen. • Makes mowing and trimming around fence lines and buildings easier. • Opens access to transformers, fuel storage areas, etc. • Trees growing under or adjacent to power lines can cause disruption to power supplies

  4. Define Vegetation Control To kill or retard the growth of undesired plants usually growing in locations where large areas need to be treated or paths need to stay clear. Examples Power lines Ponds Right of ways Golf Courses Utilities

  5. Considerations In Selecting Vegetation Control • Type of vegetation to control • Desired plants to protect • Lay of the land • Water present( ponds, rivers) • How many times can you treat • What equipment will you use

  6. What are Your Control Choices • Physical Control Mowing , Tilling , Burning

  7. What are Your Control Choices • Physical Control Mowing , Tilling , Burning • Chemical Pre or post emergence Foliar or ground application Safety for the site it is used in

  8. Herbicide Mode of Action Systemic Contact Root Absorbed

  9. Methods Of Treatment • Right of Way Control

  10. Methods Of Treatment • Right of Way Control • Foliar Treatments

  11. Methods Of Treatment • Right of Way • Foliar Treatment • Basal Treatment

  12. Methods Of Treatment • Foliar Treatment • Basal Treatment • Ground Treatment

  13. Methods Of Treatment • Foliar Treatment • Basal Treatment • Ground Treatment • Stump Treatment

  14. Methods Of Treatment • Foliar Treatment • Basal Treatment • Ground Treatment • Stump Treatment • Streams and Wetlands

  15. Methods Of Treatment • Right of Way • Foliar Treatment • Basal Treatment • Ground Treatment • Stump Treatment • Streams and Wetlands • Physical Control

  16. Soil Mobility • 2,4-D acid Moderate • 2,4-D dimethylamine salt Moderate • 2,4-D esters or oil sol. amines Moderate • Benefin Extremely Low • Bentazon sodium salt High • Bromacil acidVery High • Bromacil lithium saltVery High • Clopyralid amine saltVery High • Dicamba saltVery High • Dichlobenil Moderate • Dichlorprop (2,4-DP) ester Low • Diquat dibromide salt Extremely Low • Diuron Moderate • Fenoxaprop-ethyl Extremely Low • Fluazifop-P-butyl Very Low • Fosamine ammonium Low • Glufosinate ammonium salt Low • Glyphosate isopropylamine salt Extremely Low • Hexazinone Very High • Imazapyr acidHigh

  17. Soil Mobility • Imazapyr isopropylamine salt High • Imazaquin acid Very High • Imazethapyr Very High • Isoxaben Low • Mefluidide Low • Metolachlor High • Metsulfuron-methyl High • Norflurazon Low • Oryzalin Low • Oxyfluorfen Extremely Low • Paclobutrazol High • Paraquat dichloride salt Extremely Low

  18. Soil Mobility • Pendimethalin Very Low • Picloram salt Very High • Prodiamine Extremely Low • Prometon Very High • Quizalofop-ethyl Moderate • Sethoxydim Low • Simazine High • Sodium chlorate Very High • Sulfometuron-methyl Moderate • Tebuthiuron Very High • Triclopyr amine salt Very High • Triclopyr ester Low • Trifluralin Very Low

  19. Mobile in the soil • Bromacil acid Very High • Bromacil lithium salt Very High • Clopyralid amine salt Very High • Dicamba salt Very High • Hexazinone Very High • Imazapyr acid High • Imazapyr isopropylamine salt High • Imazaquin acid Very High • Imazethapyr Very High • Metolachlor High • Metsulfuron-methyl High • Paclobutrazol • Picloram salt • Prometon • Simazine High • Sodium chlorate • Tebuthiuron Very High • Triclopyr amine salt

  20. Toxicity of Commonly Used Herbicides • Accord, Foresters, Razor glyphosate Caution 4,873 • Arsenal, Chopper, Stalker imazapyr Caution >5,000 • Escort XP, Patriot metsulfuron methyl Caution >5,000 • Garlon, Tahoe, Pathfinder triclopyr Caution or Danger 630 • Tordon picloram Caution >5,000 • Transline clopyralid Caution 4,300 • Vanquish dicamba Caution 1,039 • Sodium chloride (salt) 3,000 • Tylenol (Acetometaphin) 1,944 • Motrin (Ibuprofen) 636 • Malathion 290 • Caffeine 192 • Nicotine 50

  21. Herbicide Families I. Growth Regulators 2,4-D 2,4-DB MCPP (mecoprop) MCPA 2,4-DP (dichlorprop A. Phenoxy Acetic Acids - B. Benzoic Acids Dicamba (Banvel) picloram TORDON clopyralid STINGER/ LONTREL triclopyr GARLON/ TURFLON fluroxypyr STARANE C. Pyridines II. Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors imazquin SCEPTER imazethapyr PURSUIT imazapyr ARSENAL/ CHOPPER A. Imidazolinones B. Triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide or sulfonamide Flumetsulam (Broadstrike) C. Sulfonylureas chlorimuron CLASSIC chlorsulfuron GLEAN/ TELAR nicosulfuron ACCENT primisulfuron BEACON thifensulfuron HARMONY PINNACLE tribenuron EXPRESS sulfometuron OUST metsulfuron ALLY halosulfuron PERMIT/ MANAGE D.Amino Acid Derivatives Glyphosate

  22. III. Lipid Inhibitors A. Cyclohexanediones- Sethoxydim (Poast) ,Clethodim (Select) B. Aryloxyphenoxypropionates- Fluazifop (Fusilade) IV. Seedling Growth Inhibitors A. Root Inhibitors 1.Dinitroanilines- trifluralin TREFLAN benefin BALAN prodiamine BARRICADE/ oryzalin SURFLAN pendimethalin /PENDULUM B. Shoot Inhibitors- Alachlor (Lasso).,Acetochlor (Harness Plus, Surpass) ,Metolachlor (Pennant Magnum)Propachlor (Ramrod).Dimethenamid (Tower) 1.Acetanilides- 2. Thiocarbamates EPTC (Eptam),EPTC plus safener (Eradicane),Butylate plus safener (Sutan+) ,Triallate(Far-Go) ,Cycloate (Ro-Neet) V. Photosynthesis Inhibitors A. Triazines Atrazine., Cyanazine (Bladex)Simazine (Princep) ,Metribuzin (Lexone, Sencor)Hexazinone (Velpar)

  23. V. Photosynthesis Inhibitors (con) B. Phenylureas Linuron (Lorox) ,Tebuthiuron (Spike) C. Uracils Terbacil (Sinbar) D. Benzothiadiazoles Bentazon (Basagran) E. Nitriles Bromoxynil (Buctril) F. Carbamate Desmedipham (Betanex) ,Desmedipham+Phenmedipham (Betamix) G. Dicarboxylic Acid Endothall VI. Cell Membrane Disrupters A. Bipyridyliums paraquat GRAMOXONE diquat DIQUAT/REWARD acifluorfen BLAZER fomesafen REFLEX lactofen COBRA oxyfluorfen GOAL B. Diphenylethers VII. Pigment Inhibitors A. Isoxazolidinones Clomazone (Command)

  24. 2,4-D 4 Amine IVM(2,4-D) Producers: Riverdale, PBI/Gordon Formulation per/acre 2,4-D 4 Amine IVM (3.8 S) 8 oz to 2 gallons Hi-Dep IVM (3.8 S) 1 qt to 2 gallons Solution IVM (80.5 SP) 40 to 90 oz BK 800 [4.5 EC],Pathway, Patron, Tordon 101 Mixture, Vegemec, Veteran 720 Mode of Action: Systemic. Translocates throughout the plant. Entry primarily through foliage, limited uptake by roots. Apply postemergence to actively growing weeds

  25. Arsenal(imazapyr) Producer: American Cyanamid • Formulation per/acre • Arsenal (2 S) 2 oz to 6 pints • Arsenal 0.5 G 200 to 300 lbs • Stalker (2 EC) 1 to 6 pints • Habitat 1-6 pints Sahara DG, Stronghold, TopSite 2.5 G Mode of Action: Systemic. Translocates throughout the plant. Entry through foliage, stems, or roots. Can be applied pre- or postemergence, to plant or soil.

  26. Imazapyr-arsenal

  27. Assure II(quizalofop P-ethyl) Producer: DuPont • Formulation per/acre • Assure II 0.88 EC 5 to 18 oz/acre Mode of Action: Systemic. Translocates throughout the plant. Entry through foliage. Must be applied postemergence to target grasses.

  28. Atrazine • Activity Primarily soil, some foliar activity Movement in plants Translocated in water transport system • Mode of action Photosynthesis inhibitorSelectivityBroad spectrum broadleaf and grass control; minimally effective on established weeds; used as a preemergent or early postemergent • EnvironmentalConsiderations • Volatility Negligible PhotodecompositionNegligibleMobility in soil Highly water-soluble but readily adsorbed by organic matter and clay; potential for leaching on sandy soilsHalf-lifeSpecific number not available; relatively long-lived • ToxicityLD50 - 3,080 mg/kg (moderately toxic)LC50 - slightly toxic • Product FormulationTrade Name and Manufacturer • Water-soluble liquid 43 percent atrazine • Atrazine 4L (Dupont) Aatrex 4L (Ciba Geigy) • Wettable powder 80 percent atrazineAatrex 80W (Ciba Geigy) • Water-dispersible granules 90 percent atrazineAatrex Nine-O (Ciba-Geigy)

  29. BareSpot Monobor-Chlorate(sodium metaborate + sodium chlorate)Producer: Pro-Serve • Application Rates: (ai/acre) • combined 430 to 1700 lbs • sodium metaborate (68%) 298 to 1180 lbs • sodium chlorate (30%) 132 to 520 lbs. BareSpot Bareground BD, BareSpot Ureabor, BareSpot Weed&Grass, Pramitol 5 PS Mode of Action: Not well understood. Both materials are readily absorbed by leaves or roots, but the extent of translocation is not known. Can be applied pre- or postemergence.Sodium metaborate may bind to, and inactivate calcium in the plant. Sodium chlorate is a strong oxidizer, and may inhibit protein sulfation.

  30. Basagran(bentazon) Producer: BASF • Formulation per/acre • Basagran SG (87 SP) 14 to 36 oz/acre • Basagran T/O (4 S) 1.5 to 4 pts/acre • Lescogran (4 S) 1.5 to 4 pts/acre Mode of Action: Systemic to a limited extent. Translocation tends to be localized. Readily absorbed through leaves. Must be applied postemergence to target weeds.

  31. Vanquish (dicamba ) Producer: Novartis • Formulation per/acre • Vanquish (4 S) 0.5 to 4 pts/acre • Veteran 10 G 2.5 to 20 lb/acre • Veteran CST (1 S) Ready-to-Use BK 800 [4.5 EC], Veteran 720 [2.9 S] Mode of Action: Systemic. Translocates throughout the plant. Readily absorbed through foliage or roots.

  32. Dicamba-banvel

  33. Casoron (dichlobenil) Producer: Uniroyal, PBI/Gordon • Formulation per/acre • Barrier 4 G 100 to 300 lbs • Casoron 4 G 50 to 500 lbs Mode of Action: Systemic. Moves to growing points after root absorption. Readily absorbed by roots or foliage. Granular products are soil applied for preemergence control.

  34. Cutless(flurprimidol) Producer: Dow AgroSciences • Formulation per inch stem diameter • Cutless Tree Implants 0.5 to 1.5 implants Mode of Action: Systemic. Moves with water from implant site to growing points in canopy

  35. DiuronProducer: Dow AgroSciences, Griffin, Terra, UAP • Formulation per/acre • Diuron 4L 1 to 11.25 gal/acre • Diuron 80 (DF, WDG) 5 to 60 lb/acre • Direx 4L 1 to 3 gal/acre • Karmex DF (80 DF) 5 to 15 lb/acre BareSpot Bareground BD, BareSpot Weed&Grass, DiBro 2+2 [4 G], Krovar I [80 DF], Sahara DG, SpraKil S-13 [4 G], SpraKil S-26 [8 G], Staa-Free 2+2 [4 G], TopSite 2.5 G, Weed Blast 4 G Mode of Action: Systemic. Diuron moves upwards in the plant, following the water stream from root to leaves. Uptake is through both roots and foliage.

  36. Diuron

  37. Embark (mefluidide)Producer: PBI/Gordon • Formulation per/acre • Embark 2S IVM 8 to 64 oz/acre Stronghold 1.8 S Mode of Action: Systemic. Translocates to growing points, but more so in shoots than roots. Entry is through foliage, must be applied postemergence

  38. Endurance (prodiamine) Producer: Novartis • Formulation per/acre • Endurance 65 WG 1.0 to 2.3 lb/acre Mode of Action: Localized. Activity usually limited to root tips. Taken up by roots, must be applied to soil prior to seed germination

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