Terrorism, Crime, Trafficking

1. Terrorism, Crime, Trafficking Drafts of papers due on Tuesday! | Write those response papers!

2. Concept review • What are the major concepts for this class we’ve discussed so far? • What terms have we discussed in class thus far? (blog post) • What is the most important term for you? Why? • Come up with a graphical representation (chart, Venn diagram, concept map, etc.)

3. “Logic” of violence (from may 22) • In order to “win” what does the state need? The rebel? • Insurgency and the rational peasant • Strategies • Betrayal- turning in your rebel neighbor • Passive tolerance • Covert but active • Feeding rebels • Active, overt support

4. Non-state actors • Nothing new under the sun? • Why are non-state actors hard to deal with? From both a national perspective and an international perspective?

5. Trafficking • Globalization • Two edged sword • Trafficking = illegal trade • Can be legal or illegal goods traded illegally • Dutch tulips • Today- #1 Oil, #2 drugs, #3 humans, #4 cultural artifacts

6. drugs • 200 M illicit drug users • Worth about $400 B a year • What to do? • Destroy poor farmer’ coco plants & poppies? • Why are drugs a security issue? FARC in Colombia http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-21166797

7. Drugs as a security issue • 2006-2010 about 30K people died in Mexico due to drug violence • FARC (Colombia) • Use drug $$$ to buy weapons, better armed than police • About 300 M a year • 2 M Colombians displaced (population of 38M) • More than any other state besides Sudan and Congo • 2009 Nicaraguan navy seized 2.4 tones of cocaine • Worth $80M

8. Drugs as a security issue (cont.) • 60% of Afghanistan’s GDP is drug trade • 2009 accounted for 79% of global opium production • Health issues • Intravenous drug use and HIV • Counterfeit drugs • 28$M industry in US (2008) • Poisoning • Antibiotic resistant bacteria • 100 Panamanians died from cold medicine

9. Weapons trafficking • Not illegal in and of itself • Viktor Bout “merchant of death” • 700 surface to air missiles, military helicopters, planes, guns to FARC • Caught trying to sell UAVs • Afghanistan is a source for lots of arms after Soviets pulled out • Stinger air missiles • No one knows where about 4k of Iraq’s pre-war arsenal is • $5K for a shoulder to air missile • Al Qaeda, Hezbollah, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, Irish Republican Amy

10. Human trafficking • Is 6-800,000 people per year • Sex slavery is a big part • 80% people trafficked in the US are female • 12.3 million in some sort of forced labor • International Labor Organization- $31.6 B annually • Is human trafficking a security issue?

11. Trafficking cultural artifacts • The Elgin Marbles • Originally part of the Pantheon in Greece • 1801 Ottoman Empire grants British ambassador permission to remove • 1816: Brits buy it from Lord Elgin and put them in the British Museum

12. Nazi Germany

13. 2013 Auction of Hopi Masks in France • US law prohibits the sale of Native American religious objects • UNESCO laws only protect against looting after 1970 • Despite protests, French auction house continued with bidding • 70 masks, $1.2 million dollars

14. L: Last month, Mexico unsuccessfully attempted to halt Sotheby’s in Paris from auctioning off ancient statues R: Cambodia is currently suing museums in the US for statues stolen during the Cambodian Civil War (1970-1998)

15. Art of the steal • How do these examples reflect power? • What barriers exist for returning these artifacts? • How should we determine ownership? • Why fight so hard to keep the artifacts? -1,000 + elephant tusks seized in Malaysia; ivory up $1K per pound in some places -

16. Global responses to trafficking • How have international organizations dealt with trafficking? • Do these issues require a global response? • What barriers exist? • All trafficking is related • If you can by a surface to air missile, you can probably buy a woman