Immigration & Ethno-cultural Statistics

1. Immigration & Ethno-cultural Statistics Statistics Canada Tina Chui Calgary & Edmonton, Alberta December 10 & 11, 2003

2. Increasing focus on immigration & cultural diversity • Increasingly important component of total population growth as well as labour force growth • Continuing cultural diversity, particularly in large urban areas • Economic situation of recent immigrants

3. Key Immigration & Ethno-cultural Data Sources • Census of Population • Longitudinal Immigration Database (IMDB) • The Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD) & IMDB • Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC) • Ethnic Diversity Survey (EDS) • Other household surveys

4. Census of Population

5. Census of Population • Long history of questions on: • place of birth • citizenship • year of immigration • In 2001, questions added on birthplace of parents, religion and language of work

6. Census of Population • Ethno-cultural characteristics (ethnic origin, visible minority status, languages, etc.) • Education • Labour force activity • Occupation • Income

7. What Census Data Tell Us • Size & origins of the immigrant population, children of immigrants, ethnic groups, etc. • Settlement & mobility patterns of immigrants and ethnic groups over time • Labour market experience of immigrants, adult children of immigrants, visible minorities, ethnic groups

8. Data Availability: 2001 Census • www.statcan.ca • 2001 Census Analysis Series • Thematic maps • Multimedia presentation: 100 years of immigration • Highlight tables, Canadian Overview Tables, etc. • Community Profiles • Profiles of immigrant groups, ethnic origins, visible minority groups and religions • Core tables for the Metropolis Project

9. Advantages of Using Census Data • More than 100 years of historical data • Detailed information on birthplaces, ethnic origins, visible minority groups, languages, etc. • Data available for small geographic areas • Wide range of socio-cultural and economic variables can be used in analysis

10. Limitations of Census Data • Not longitudinal – cannot follow the same respondents over time • No year of arrival information (asks the year landed immigrant status was obtained) • No immigration program information (e.g. categories of admission; selection characteristics) • Outcome measures, rather than process

11. Longitudinal Immigration Database

12. What is the IMDB? • Administrative database of linked immigration files with taxation files • Longitudinal: 1980-2000; updated annually • All landed immigrants from 1980-2000 • Tax data from 1980-2000 • Up to 16 years of information • Supported by a federal-provincial consortium, led by Citizenship & Immigration Canada (CIC)

13. Contents of the IMDB • Designed to address the need for detailed, policy-relevant data on the immigration program • Content includes: • Demographic data & characteristics of landing • Program & selection information • Detailed income data over time • Geographic location over time

14. Contents of the IMDB (continued) • From the immigration portion – primarily used as independent variables in analysis • Demographic data • Program & selection information • Personal attributes at time of landing • Province of original destination

15. Contents of the IMDB (continued) • Selected fields from T1: • Employment earnings • Income from self-employment • Employment insurance • Welfare benefits (from 1992) • Investment income • Geographic location for each tax year • SIC(80) from T4 based on dominant earnings

16. What the IMDB tells us? • Link between immigrant policy levers (e.g., selection criteria) and economic outcomes • Labour market behaviour of different categories of admission of immigrants over time • Secondary inter-provincial & inter-urban migration of immigrants • Potential information on immigrant children

17. IMDB: Access & confidentiality • Condition of linkage approval – no public access to microdata • Access restricted to the IMDB project team • Only aggregated data released outside STC • All data randomly rounded • Screened for confidentiality

18. IMDB: Products • Compendium Tables • Standard Summary Tables • Ad hoc requests

19. What isn’t in the IMDB? • No comparison or reference group • No family/household information • No information on skills, education, and language abilities acquired after landing

20. What is the Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD) • Longitudinal sample of individuals (20% of tax-filing Canadians, sampled from T1 Family File) • Contains over 270 variables relating to these individuals and their families • Presently spans 19 years (1982-2000); update as additional years become available

21. Contents of the LAD • Individual demographics • age, sex, marital status • Family demographics • type of family, number & age of children • Geography • Province/territory, city, town, postal code, census geography (CMA, CD, CT) • Income variables • Employment income, investment, transfer payments, other income

22. LAD & IMDB • Match by SIN, all immigrant tax-filers to the LAD sample • Result, 20% of immigrants • Data are weighted to produce estimates • 17 key immigrant variables retained

23. LAD & IMDB: access & confidentiality • Controlled access • Very limited access to microdata • Confidential data must remain on-site • Secure physical environment • Rules to prevent disclosure • Addition of noise, suppression, dominance, residual disclosure avoidance, rounding

24. What LAD & IMDB tell us? • 19 years of data • Low income measure (LIM) • Family information from T1FF • Census family & SLID census family • Comparison group of all tax-filers • Child tax benefit information • QC tax estimates

25. Questions on IMDB, LAD & IMDB Heather Dryburgh Manager, Longitudinal Immigration Database (613) 951-0501 Heather.dryburgh@statcan.ca Client Services: 613-951-5979 hfsslf@statcan.ca

26. Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada

27. Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada Survey Objectives: • to study how new immigrants adjust to life in Canada over time • to provide information on the factors that can help or hinder this adjustment

28. LSIC Target population and sampling frame Target population includes immigrants who: • arrived in Canada between October 2000 and September 2001 • landed from abroad • Are age 15 and over • About 165,000 immigrants meet these criteria Sampling frame Administrative database provided by Citizenship and Immigration Canada

29. LSIC Survey Timelines • Longitudinal – 3 interviews – approximately 6 months, 2 years and 4 years after arriving in Canada • Wave 1: April 2001 to March 2002 • Wave 2: December 2002 to November 2003 • Wave 3: October 2004 to September 2005

30. LSIC Survey Design • Computer assisted interviewing (CAI), face-to-face interview environment • Average household visit of 90 minutes • Interviews are conducted in 15 different languages • The longitudinal respondent is the unit of analysis; 12,000 individuals interviewed in Wave 1

31. LSIC Questionnaire Content • Socio-demographic information (Wave 1 only) • Reasons for coming to Canada (Wave 1 only) • Social interactions • Language skills • Housing • Education • Employment • Health

32. LSIC Questionnaire Content (continued) • Values and attitudes • Citizenship • Perceptions of settlement • Income • Event history analysis for housing, employment & education experiences since arrival • Problems encountered, type of help needed & sources of help received

33. LSIC Data Outputs • A major release in Statistics Canada’s The Daily, accompanied by an analytical report of results & tables – September 4, 2003 • Joint STC-CIC publication – Winter 2004 • Production of a set of standard tables • Master microdata files for Research Data Centres • Remote data access and custom tabulations

34. Questions on LSIC Tracey Leesti Senior Project Manager (613) 951-5693 Tracey.leesti@statcan.ca Client Services 1-800-461-9050 or ssd@statcan.ca

35. Ethnic Diversity Survey

36. Ethnic Diversity Survey Survey Objectives: • to provide information on the ethnic & cultural backgrounds of people in Canada and how these backgrounds related to their lives today • To better understand how Canadians of different ethnic backgrounds interpret and report their ethnicity Target population: • Population aged 15 and over living in private dwellings in the 10 provinces, excluding Indian Reserves and Aboriginal

37. EDS Sample design & selection Two-phase stratified design • Phase I: 2001 long census questionnaires (one-in-five households in Canada) • Phase II: Selected a sample of respondents from the Census according to specific characteristics Sample selection: • Divided the Census population into groups according to the responses to the following three questions: • Ethnic origin • Birthplace of respondent • Birthplace of parents • Total of 15 strata; random selection within each strata

38. EDS Interviews • 57,000 persons selected to be interviewed (no proxy reporting) between April and August 2002 • Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing, approximately 35 minute interviews • Interviewed in 9 different languages • 42,500 people were interviewed

39. EDS Content Modules & Themes • Entry • Ethnic self-Definition • Respondent & Family Background • Knowledge & Use of Language • Family Interaction • Social Networks

40. EDS Content Modules & Themes(continued) • Civic Participation • Interaction with Society • Attitudes • Trust & Satisfaction • Socio-economic activities • Who answered 2001 Census questionnaire

41. EDS Potential Research Areas Unpacking Ethnicity Discrimination & Unfair Treatment Socio-economic Status EDS Social Capital Social Networks Participation in Society Transnationalism Transmission of Culture & Language

42. EDS Products • Official release in Statistics Canada’s The Daily – September 29, 2003 • Analytic article: Ethnic Diversity Survey: Portrait of a multicultural society • Analysis file for Research Data Centres • Possible Public Use Microdata File in 2004

43. Questions on EDS Jane Badets Immigration & Ethno-cultural Statistics (613) 951-2561 Jane.badets@statcan.ca Client Services: 613-951-5979 hfsslf@statcan.ca

44. Other Household Surveys

45. Other household surveys • Immigration questions are included on most household surveys….but immigrant samples tend to be small. • Canadian Community Health Survey • Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics • Youth in Transition Survey • Adult Literacy and Lifeskills Survey

46. Questions? • Immigration & Ethno-cultural Statistics • Housing, Family & Social Statistics Division • Statistics Canada • Jane Badets Tina Chui • Ottawa, Ontario Ottawa, Ontario • (613) 951-2561 (613) 951-8108 • Jane.badets@statcan.ca Tina.chui@statcan.ca