CHAPTER : 18 – The Expansion of Europe

1. CHAPTER: 18 – The Expansion of Europe OVERALL • Why can economic trends be the most crucial to understanding the 17th and 18th centuries?

2. Working the Land Describe the lifestyle of 80+% of Europe. “famine foods”

3. Working the Land What were the advantages and disadvantages of the medieval open-field system? fallow gleaning East vs. West Europe

4. Working the Land Describe the “agricultural revolution” of the 18th century. crop rotation crops / livestock empiricism enclosure Enclosure Acts tenant farmers

5. Working the Land Describe the “agricultural revolution” of the 18th century. crop rotation crops / livestock empiricism enclosure Enclosure Acts tenant farmers

6. Working the Land What are the contributions of the Dutch and the English? population / urban growth Vermuyden Townsend Jethro Tull market-oriented estate agriculture rural proletariat

7. The Beginning of the Population Explosion What had limited population growth? population / amount of food climate famine epidemics war

8. The Beginning of the Population Explosion How does the population trend change in the 18th century? mortality rate Edward Jenner smallpox inoculation infrastructure food supply potato

9. The Growth of Rural Industry How do cottage or “putting out” industries develop? capitalist rural labor

10. The Growth of Rural Industry How does the textile industry develop? wool supply flying shuttle “spinsters” gender “Holy Monday idleness

11. The Growth of Rural Industry What changes began to occur during the “industrious revolution”? wages consumerism women / children

12. The Debate over Urban Guilds Why had the guilds worked so successfully? stability Colbert nepotism

13. The Debate over Urban Guilds How are guilds challenged in the 18th century? An example of the last of the British Guilds meeting rooms c1820 cottage industry Enlightenment women

14. The Debate over Urban Guilds What new approach does Adam Smith propound? Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations free competition / self interest economic liberalism government regulation wages

15. Building the Global Economy When did England become Great Britain? Act of Union

16. Building the Global Economy How had the English made mercantilism work for them? Navigation Acts Anglo-Dutch Wars War of the Spanish Succession Peace of Utrecht asientoWar of the Austrian Succession Seven Years’ War Pitt the Elder Treaty of Paris

17. Building the Global Economy How do European nations benefit from their colonies in the 1700’s? colonial markets Saint-Domingue Bourbons silver debt peonage

18. Building the Global Economy How do 18th century economic trends affect the Atlantic slave trade? plantations shore method population of Africa abolition movement

19. Building the Global Economy How do colonial societies develop? Creoles racial laws mestizos / mulattos OlaudahEquiano missionaries Jews

20. Building the Global Economy Why did the Indian Ocean trade radically change? Dutch East India Company Mughals Treaty of Paris Robert Clive James Cook penal colony aborigines